Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infections - Applied Research Center ...

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Physiogenic or Nonpathogenic Seed Disorders 253than 150 samples of pea seed from England, Hungary, the Netherlands, New Zealand,and the United States. and reported that hollow heart is a common disorder ofwrinkle-seeded peas. Singh (1974), who tested seeds from Argentina, Czechoslovakia,Denmark, India, Lesotho, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Romania, Scotland,Turkey, and the United States, also concluded that the wrinkle-seeded cultivars havea moderate to heavy incidence of hollow heart whereas the smooth-seeded cultivarsshow either no or a very low incidence. Perry and Howell (1965) also observed thatcultivar Alaska, a round-seeded pea, consistently had the least hollow heart.Jain and Singh (1985) examined 304 chickpea seed samples belonging to 297cultivars (254 cultivars desigram and 43 cultivars kabuligram) from India for hollowheart. A total of 156 cultivars (61%) of desigram and 37 cultivars (86%) of kabuligramshowed hollow heart incidence of 0.5 to 20% and 0.5 to 62%, respectively.The cavities on the adaxial surface of cotyledons were usually identical and rarelydissimilar or on one cotyledon only.Hollow heart in pea may be due to too quick drying of immature seed. Perryand Harrison (1973) experimentally showed that predisposition to hollow heart maybe caused by high ambient temperature during maturation of seeds on plants, andby drying them when immature. Hollow heart increased with increasing temperaturefrom 35 to 45°C and decreased as seed maturity advanced.Hollow heart has also been reported in Vicia faba and Phaseolus vulgaris (Perryand Howell, 1965) and Tropaeolum majus (Heit and Crosier, 1961).9.2.1.1.1 Hollow Heart and Shape and Size of SeedsGane and Biddle (1973) observed the relationship between shape of seed and incidenceof hollow heart in seed samples of cultivars Lincoln and Kelvedon Wonder.In the former, triangular seeds showed a higher incidence of hollow heart, whereasthis occurred in only two of the five samples of Kelvedon Wonder. Singh (1974)examined samples of four cultivars having seeds with three distinct shapes, namely,(1) squarish seeds with depression on two faces; (2) conical seeds with basal depression;and (3) irregular seeds. Squarish seeds formed the bulk in the samples. Nopositive correlation in the incidence of hollow heart and seed shape squarish, conicaland irregular was found.Seed samples of cultivar 4.12.01 7d Turkey had 44% large and heavy and 56%small and light seeds. The hollow heart incidence in small seeds was slightly higher(52%) than in the large seeds (42%) (Singh, 1974).9.2.1.1.2 HistologyThe histology of affected cotyledons has been examined in pea (Perry and Howell,1965; Singh, 1974) and chickpea (Jain, 1984). Anatomically, asymptomatic cotyledonsin wrinkle-seeded pea varieties consist of parenchyma cells as described undermarsh spot (Figure 9.3B). But the starch grains are compound (Figure 9.3B, C) andthe protoplasmic contents are evenly distributed in the cell.In symptomatic cotyledons, the anatomical symptoms are prominent in the cellsof mesophyll on the adaxial face, i.e., in the region of cavitation. The cells are loosewith large air spaces. The protoplasmic contents are poor and aggregated in thecenter as if plasmolyzed (Figure 9.3D, E). However, the cells on the abaxial face
254 Histopathology of Seed-Borne InfectionsABCDEFIGURE 9.3 Morphology and histology of normal and hollow-hearted cotyledons of peacultivar Dark Skin Perfection (Scotland). A, Cotyledon showing adaxial surface from watersoakedsplit seeds of hollow heart (right) and normal (left). B, C, Ts part of normal cotyledonfrom adaxial side. D, E, Ts from concavity in hollow-hearted cotyledons showing poor cellcontents. (From Singh, D. 1974. Seed Sci. Technol. 2: 443–456. With permission.)
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Histopathology ofSeed-Borne Infecti
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PrefaceThe book deals with only one
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The AuthorsDalbir Singh, Ph.D., for
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ContentsChapter 1 Introduction ....
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4.3.2 Routes for Infection from Ova
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8.4 Survival in Seed ..............
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2 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infe
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4 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infe
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2Reproductive Structuresand Seed Fo
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Reproductive Structures and Seed Fo
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14 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Inf
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3Structure of SeedsThe seed habit i
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Structure of Seeds 49(1971) of usin
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Structure of Seeds 51is found in as
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Structure of Seeds 53dry seed of Ly
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Structure of Seeds 553.3.2 SEED COA
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Structure of Seeds 57Endosperm: One
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Structure of Seeds 59scendembepsmuA
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Structure of Seeds 61Endosperm: Sca
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Structure of Seeds 63Chalaza simple
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Structure of Seeds 65stystypmerA Bc
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Structure of Seeds 67epsent endCADB
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Structure of Seeds 69perhscendembpe
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Structure of Seeds 71eposgepi′epo
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Structure of Seeds 73(Zea and Sorgh
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Structure of Seeds 75Baker, D.M. an
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Structure of Seeds 77Maheshwari Dev
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Structure of Seeds 79Vries, M.A. de
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TABLE 5.6Location of Mycelium of St
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7Seed Infection by VirusesViruses a
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Seed Infection by Viruses 201TABLE
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Page 228 and 229: Seed Infection by Viruses 213floret
Page 230 and 231: Seed Infection by Viruses 215ptowvv
Page 232 and 233: Seed Infection by Viruses 2177.4.2
Page 234 and 235: Seed Infection by Viruses 219seed(s
Page 236 and 237: Seed Infection by Viruses 221AMV fo
Page 238 and 239: Seed Infection by Viruses 223REFERE
Page 240 and 241: Seed Infection by Viruses 225Hunter
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