Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infections - Applied Research Center ...

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Seed Infection by Bacteria 181TABLE 6.1 (CONTINUED)Seed Infecting Bacterial PathogensBacteria Host (Disease) Seed PartImportantReferencesR. rathayi (Smith)Zgurskaya et al.(Corynebacteriumrathayi (Smith)Dowson)Rathayibacter (continued)Dactylis, Festuca Spikes affected Neergaard, 1979(yellow slimedisease, Rathay’sdisease)Lolium (seed galls) Seeds affected Stynes et al., 1979;Bird et al., 1980Clavibactermichiganensis subsp.insidiosus (McCulloch)Davis et al.(Corynebacteriuminsidiosum (McCulloch)Jensen)C. m. subsp.michiganensis (Smith)Davis et al.(Corynebacteriummichiganense (Smith)Jensen)C. m. subsp. nebraskensis(Vidaver and Mandel)Davis et al.(Corynebacteriumnebraskense) Vidaverand Mandel)C. m. subsp. tessellarius(Carlson and Vidaver)Davis et al.(Corynebacteriummichiganense ssp.tessellarius Carlson andVidaver)Medicago (bacterialwilt)Lycopersicon,Capsicum (bacterialcanker)Zea (Goss’s bacterialwilt and leaf blight)Triticum (bacterialmosaic)ClavibacterSeed coat, aleuronelayerSeed coatChalaza, vicinity ofembryoSeed coat, endosperm,near embryoCormack and Moffatt,1956Bryan, 1930; Groganand Kendrick, 1953;Patino-Mendez,1964Schuster, 1972; Biddleet al., 1990McBeath andAdelman, 1986(continued)
182 Histopathology of Seed-Borne InfectionsTABLE 6.1 (CONTINUED)Seed Infecting Bacterial PathogensBacteria Host (Disease) Seed PartImportantReferencesC. flaccumfaciens pv.flaccumfaciens (Hedges)Collins and Jones(Corynebacteriumflaccumfaciens pv.flaccumfaciens (Hedges)Dowson)Pantoea stewartii subsp.stewartii (Smith)Mergaert et al. (Erwiniastewartii (Smith) Dye)Pantoea agglomerans(Beijerinck) Gavini et al.(E. herbicola (Lohnis)Dye)Phaseolus, Glycine(bacterial wilt)Zea (bacterial wilt,Stewart’s disease)Oryza (bacterial paleabrowning)CurtobacteriumPantoeaRaphe, seed coat Burkholder, 1930;Zaumeyer, 1932;Schuster and Sayre,1967; Schuster andSmith, 1983Chalaza, endosperm Rand and Cash, 1921;Ivanoff, 1933Lemma, palea Tabei et al., 1988discoloration varied from small water-soaked to slimy brown spots or general browningof seeds. Occasionally brownish sticky ooze occurred on the seed surface ofsymptomatic seeds. Histopathology of infected seeds revealed direct correlationbetween the severity of infection and internal invasion of tissues. In infected boldseeds, the bacterium usually occurred in the seed coat and rarely in the endosperm.But in bold-discolored and shriveled-discolored seeds, the bacterium was found inthe seed coat, endosperm, and embryo (Figure 6.5A, B). The distortion of seedtissues was greater in shriveled seeds than in bold-discolored seeds. The embryowas relatively small and thin in the former, and the infection was extra- as well asintraembryal. Symptomatic infected seeds on germination produced seedlings withbrown-black necrotic spots on the cotyledons.Mihail, Taylor, and Versluses (1993) detected X. campestris pv. campestris insiliqua and the surface of seeds of Crambe abyssinica. Zaumeyer (1930) foundinvasion of X. a. pv. phaseoli in bean seed through the xylem in the funiculus and/ormicropyle. Infection occurred in intercellular spaces in the seed coat and also in thespace around the embryo. No infection was seen in the cells of the palisade andhourglass layers of seed coat. It is only at the time of seed germination that thebacteria enter into the cotyledons.Sharma et al. (2001) have described the location of Xanthamonas a. pv. cajaniin seeds of pigeon pea. Seed infection varied from weak to severe and severelyinfected seeds were small and shriveled (Figure 6.6). In asymptomatic infected seeds,bacteria occurred in the palisade, hourglass cells, and parenchyma of the seed coat.
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Histopathology ofSeed-Borne Infecti
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PrefaceThe book deals with only one
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The AuthorsDalbir Singh, Ph.D., for
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ContentsChapter 1 Introduction ....
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4.3.2 Routes for Infection from Ova
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8.4 Survival in Seed ..............
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2 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infe
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4 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Infe
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2Reproductive Structuresand Seed Fo
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Reproductive Structures and Seed Fo
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14 Histopathology of Seed-Borne Inf
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3Structure of SeedsThe seed habit i
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Structure of Seeds 49(1971) of usin
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Structure of Seeds 51is found in as
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Structure of Seeds 53dry seed of Ly
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Structure of Seeds 553.3.2 SEED COA
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Structure of Seeds 57Endosperm: One
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Structure of Seeds 59scendembepsmuA
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Structure of Seeds 61Endosperm: Sca
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Structure of Seeds 63Chalaza simple
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Structure of Seeds 65stystypmerA Bc
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Structure of Seeds 67epsent endCADB
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Structure of Seeds 69perhscendembpe
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Structure of Seeds 71eposgepi′epo
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Structure of Seeds 73(Zea and Sorgh
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Structure of Seeds 75Baker, D.M. an
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Structure of Seeds 77Maheshwari Dev
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Structure of Seeds 79Vries, M.A. de
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100 Histopathology of Seed-Borne In
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