Sonorant conspiracy129a weak position, the difference being that in (20a) it is neither governednor licensed, while in (20b) it is governed but unlicensed. The reason whythe representation in (20a) is abandoned is the fact that word-final emptynuclei are banned from governing lexically present nuclei. Recall the discussionfrom the previous chapter (section 3.2) where it was pointed outthat alternating vowels are not good governors of other alternating vowels.The same is true for word-final empty nuclei. Thus, given the Polishexamples like sen ‘dream’, len ‘flax’ which possess the alternating vowel inroots sPnu ‘iden. gen.’, lPnu ‘iden. gen.’, respectively, the word-final emptynucleus cannot be granted the ability to govern such root vowels. Were itpossible, we would arrive at roots without any realised vowel, that is, *ln,sn. Such roots are ill-formed not only in Polish but rather cross-linguistically.On the basis of this observation Scheer (2003) proposes the followingrestriction:(21) Final Empty Nuclei may or may not govern; however, they can onlygovern nuclei which are lexically empty.Given the above restriction the representation in (20a) is predicted tobe false. This is because the vowel separating both consonants, i.e. schwa,is lexically present. Furthermore, the nasal in (20b) appears in theworst situation possible: it is unlicensed but at the same time governed(see section 4.3 in Chapter Two). Thus, in order to survive the nasalspreads and displaces the preceding schwa giving rise to the syllabic consonant(22).(22)C|vVCVC|gVCV|PAÉ«®NIn German nasals share this stage with another candidate for syllabicconsonants, that is, the alveolar lateral [l]. The lateral can displace thepreceding schwa and become syllabic in exactly the same way as thenasal in (22). Similarly to the examples in (19), the forms, e.g. Segel ‘sail’,Handel ‘commerce’, Henkel ‘handle’, can be realised with the schwa orwithout it. In the former situation the lateral is not syllabic but becomessyllabic in the latter scenario [ ® zeÉg«l], [ ® hand«l], [ ® hENk«l] and [ ® zeÉg®l], [ ® hand®l],[ ® hENk®l], respectively. However, syllabicity is not the end of the road forthe nasal as it can reach as far as the obstruent to dock on to its place ofarticulation. In this way the nasal creates a structure which is branching;it displaces the preceding schwa and additionally docks on to the9 Polish...
130 Bogus clusters, syllabic consonants and vowel syncope. . .place of articulation of the obstruent. This situation is illustrated in (23)where (U) stands for velarity and a, b, g represent some melodic elementsof the internal make-up of [g].(23)CVCVCVCV|||vAÉaU®NPbgThe general conclusion drawn from Scheer’s (2003) analysis is thatthe formation of syllabic consonants does not depend on the status of theschwa. Conversely, syllabic consonants arise in response to the weakposition they happen to appear in. In order to survive the sonorantspreads and replaces the schwa.As has already been mentioned in the course of our previous discussion,progressive nasal assimilation is blocked when a vowel initial suffixis added to forms ending in obstruent plus nasal clusters. The relevantdata were illustrated under (6) above. Very briefly, the same clustercan be realised in three different ways, for example, the cluster [gn] inWagen ‘carriage’, can be separated by a schwa [vA†g«n], can appear withoutthe schwa but with a syllabic and homorganic nasal [vA†g®N] or can beproduced with the devoiced obstruent when followed by a suffix [vA†kn-Œ].The explanation of the former two forms has already been presented, i.e.the nasal displaces the preceding schwa and docks on to the place elementof the obstruent. On the other hand, the latter form is interestingfor at least two reasons. First, the nasal is neither syllabic nor homorganicbut the schwa is dropped. Second, the obstruent undergoes devoicing.Scheer (2003) claims that it is the presence of the suffix vowel whichis responsible for the latter situation. Note that in this context the situationof the nasal is radically changed, that is, it is licensed but ungovernedwhich is a typical strong position (24).(24) PGC|vVCAÉVC|kV«C +|nV|ŒLic.
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ContentsPreface . . . . . . . . . .
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PrefaceThe phonotactic peculiaritie
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Preface92000), Ploch (1999), van de
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List of abbreviationsBrODIdim.FODge
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34 The framework(7) PGO N O N O N O
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36 The frameworkby all sounds. Thus
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38 The frameworkexist. What is a Br
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40The frameworkLowenstamm’s (1999
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42 The frameworksky and Halle’s (
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44 The phonological nature of the b
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- Page 161 and 162: 160 ReferencesScheer, T. (1997) Vow
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