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On the development of soft labials...89b. internal clusterso[f‚]arapara[f‚]azdro[vó]ew g³o[vó]eru[m]anekpa[m]êtamo[‚]arapara[‚]azdro[ó]ew g³o[ó]eru[]anekpa[]êtam‘victim’‘parish’‘health’‘in the head’‘camomile’‘I remember’Summing up, the data presented in this section lead to two immediateobservations. Firstly, what we are faced with here must be a fortitionprocess, i.e. the front glide [j] is strengthened either to the palatal fricative[p ® j]asek > [pX ® ]asek or the prepalatal fricative/nasal, e.g. [p ® j]asek >[p‚]asek, [m ® j]asto > [m]asto, ‘sand’, ‘city’, respectively. Secondly, the glideis strengthened only in the post-consonantal position and never wordinitially,intervocalically or in the preconsonantal position, e.g. jab³ko‘apple’, nawijaæ ‘to wind’ and stajnia ‘stable’ respectively. Note that insuch contexts the glide never reacts in either of the dialects mentionedabove. Furthermore, if we are dealing here with a fortition phenomenon,it means that the glide appendix /j/ must be assigned the status of a separatesegment, at least in those dialects. This conclusion allies us withthe supporters of the two-segment analysis. However, before we proposea solution to the problem outlined in this section, we should first introducethe theory of lenition called The Coda Mirror (Ségéral and Scheer 1999). This theory is presented in the following section.4.3. The Coda Mirror (Ségéral and Scheer 1999)The Coda Mirror put forward by Ségéral and Scheer (1999) isa theory of consonant lenition that operates on the strict CV skeleton. Inthis theory the melodic structure of segments is modified depending onthe particular position they occupy in the string. The authors predictfive crucial positions in which consonants may appear and which exertan influence on them, that is, word initial #_, after a heterosyllabic consonantC._, intervocalically V_V, before a heterosyllabic consonant _.C and word finally _#. The main idea behind the Coda Mirror, however,is to identify the disjunctive context C._ and #_ which stands in oppositionto the coda position, i.e. _.C and _#. A word of clarification is in orderhere. It may seem alluring to state that since the latter two positions are
90 The phonological nature of the beginning of the wordusually ascribed to coda, the former ones should belong to onset. Itis generally accepted that consonants in codas undergo lenition whilethose in onsets are protected from this fate. However, the traditionalsyllabification procedures are of no use here. Note that in GovernmentPhonology the coda as a constituent does not resemble the traditionalcoda whatsoever. In this model the coda is reduced to a post-nuclearrhymal complement which may exist only when followed by an onset(Kaye 1990, Harris and Gussmann 1998, 2002). Thus, inGP word-final consonants are never codas. Furthermore, in the StrictCV model codas as constituents do not gain formal status; they are simplyabsent from the theory. As for the Coda Mirror context, i.e. #_and C._, it is again not possible to associate this disjunctivity with thetraditional onset. This is so because there is another context whichis traditionally recognised as onset, the intervocalic position, but this,unlike the former two, is affected by the lenition rather than the fortitionphenomena. It is generally prone to lenition and hence weak butthe lenition effects it shows are different in kind from those observedin the traditional coda. It follows that the intervocalic position cannotbe an onset (as it is weak) and it cannot be a coda either (different effects).The conclusion drawn from the discussion above is that any theoryof lenition should recognise at least five relevant positions, which arerepresented in (44) below. The diagram is taken from Scheer(2004:116).(44)Position in the stringstrong positionweak positiontraditional coda intervocalic#_ C._ _.C _# V_VSégéral and Scheer (1999) point out that the disjunctive definitionof both the strong and weak contexts can be given a uniform explanationif the strict CV skeleton and Lowenstamm’s (1999) proposalto exchange the boundary marker with the empty CV unit are accepted.Consider first the representation of both the strong (45) and the weakcontext (46), where the relevant positions are underlined.
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Polish and EnglishConsonantal Clust
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Artur KijakPolish and EnglishConson
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ContentsPreface . . . . . . . . . .
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PrefaceThe phonotactic peculiaritie
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Preface92000), Ploch (1999), van de
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List of abbreviationsBrODIdim.FODge
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14 The frameworkemploying the simpl
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16 The frameworksion in section 3 b
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18 The frameworkmodel is able to ha
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20 The frameworkhanan 1986). Thus,
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22 The frameworkare not derived at
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24 The frameworkWhat is interesting
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26 The frameworklateral relations,
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28 The frameworkIn general, we can
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30 The frameworkobstruents followed
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32 The frameworkLet us look more de
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34 The framework(7) PGO N O N O N O
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36 The frameworkby all sounds. Thus
Page 39 and 40: 38 The frameworkexist. What is a Br
Page 41 and 42: 40The frameworkLowenstamm’s (1999
Page 43 and 44: 42 The frameworksky and Halle’s (
Page 45 and 46: 44 The phonological nature of the b
Page 89: 88 The phonological nature of the b
Page 101 and 102: III. Bogus clusters, syllabic conso
Page 103 and 104: 102 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
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140 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
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152 Conclusionnisms available in th
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154 ReferencesBotma, B. (2004) Phon
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156 ReferencesGussmann, E. (1998) D
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158 ReferencesPawelec, P. (1989) Cy
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160 ReferencesScheer, T. (1997) Vow
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Author indexAbercrombie, David 103A
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Artur KijakGrupy spó³g³oskowe w
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Zusammenfassung167für alle anderen
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