On the development of soft labials...95(49) a. initial clusters[f‚]o³ek [‚]o³ek[kf‚]at [k‚]at[m]asto []astob. internal clusterso[f‚]arapara[f‚]azdro[vó]ew g³o[vó]eru[m]anekpa[m]êtam‘violet’‘flower’‘city’o[‚]arapara[‚]azdro[ó]ew g³o[ó]eru[]anekpa[]êtam[vó]adro[gvó]azdy[m]ód‘victim’‘parish’‘health’‘in the head’‘camomile’‘I remember’[ó]adro[gó]azdy[]ód‘bucket’‘stars’‘honey’Crucially, it is always the labial part of the sequence that disappears, nomatter whether there are two or three consonants in the cluster. In fact,the loss of the labial in such sequences is predicted by the Coda Mirror.In every case the labial appears before a governed nucleus, which is a typicallenition context. Moreover, the disappearance of the labial consonantcan only be explained if both the labial and the glide are consideredto be separate segments.In the following section we shall focus our discussion on the Frenchevolution from Latin [j]. This phenomenon, which is nearly a copy of thesituation described above, confirms our findings.4.5. Yod fortition in Gallo-RomanceIn the present section we shall present the evolution of labial + yod sequencesin Gallo-Romance which supports the analysis applied to similarcases in the Kurp dialect offered in the previous section. It will be demonstratedthat, similarly to the Kurp case, yod occurs in the strong position,hence evolves, while the labial appears in a weak position anddisappears.Scheer and Ségéral (2001) analysing the evolution of /Cj/ sequencesin Gallo-Romance set two major objectives. They aspire to showthat, despite evident diversity, the evolution of the /Cj/ sequences isa coherent process. Moreover, they claim that the phenomenon is context-dependent,that is, it depends on the position the segments occupyin the syllable structure. In short, the evolution of /j/ does not result fromthe melodic interactions. Since we are searching for similarities with the
96 The phonological nature of the beginning of the wordKurp case, in what follows we shall concentrate only on the labial plus/j/ sequences.The process of consonantification of short high and mid vowels inhiatus is one of the characteristic features of vulgar Latin. In this contextthe front vowels /i/ and /e/ change into a glide /j/, while the backvowels /u/ and /o/ become a velar glide /w/, e.g. fiilia > filja ‘daughter’,vidua > wedwa ‘widow’ respectively. Scheer and Ségéral (2001)point to the fact that none of the /Cj/w/ clusters, having their origin inthe process outlined above, survived in identical shape into ModernFrench. Of all the /Cj/ sequences the most representative are those whichare composed of the labial consonant plus yod. This is so because theyproduce identical results, i.e. postalveolar affricate [dZ]. Moreover, theresulting affricate does not reflect any melodic element of the precedinglabial consonant. Consider the examples in (50), which are adapted fromScheer and Ségéral (2001:89).(50)bj>dZ>Zrabia>ragerubeu>rougevj>dZ>Zleviu>liègecavea>cagegloss‘fury’‘red’‘cork’‘cage’mj>ndZ>~Zsiimiu>singevindeemia>vendangepç>tS>Ssapiam>sacheapiu>achegloss‘monkey’‘grape picking’‘know’ (subjunctive)‘celery’Since labials, unlike the coronals and velars, cannot be palatalised, itmeans that the result of the evolution [j] > [dZ/Z] must reflect a purestrengthening of yod. The latter suggestion is confirmed by the samechange occurring at the beginning of the word, e.g. jugu > [Z]oug ‘yoke’,jocu > [Z]eu ‘game’, jurure > [Z]urer ‘swear’. Finally, if the source of thefortition [j] > [dZ/Z] is the yod itself, the labial consonant in this context ispredicted to fall out completely as everywhere else in the language, 33 e.g.rupta > route ‘road’, facta > faite ‘done’, etc. Scheer and Ségéral (2001)indicate that these results are predicted by the Coda Mirror. Thus, yodin a strong post-consonantal position evolves into [dZ/Z], while the labialoccurring in the pre-consonantal weak position disappears /p,b,v/ > P,/m/ > P. Furthermore, it is claimed that since yod is strengthened in thisposition it does not belong with the preceding consonant to the samesyllable. In other words, a labial + yod is a heterosyllabic sequence separatedby an empty position. Recall from section 4.3 that this is one of the33This fate does not affect the nasal [m] which ends up as the nasalization in thepreceding vowel.
- Page 2 and 3:
Polish and EnglishConsonantal Clust
- Page 4 and 5:
Artur KijakPolish and EnglishConson
- Page 6 and 7:
ContentsPreface . . . . . . . . . .
- Page 8 and 9:
PrefaceThe phonotactic peculiaritie
- Page 10 and 11:
Preface92000), Ploch (1999), van de
- Page 12:
List of abbreviationsBrODIdim.FODge
- Page 15 and 16:
14 The frameworkemploying the simpl
- Page 17 and 18:
16 The frameworksion in section 3 b
- Page 19 and 20:
18 The frameworkmodel is able to ha
- Page 21 and 22:
20 The frameworkhanan 1986). Thus,
- Page 23 and 24:
22 The frameworkare not derived at
- Page 25 and 26:
24 The frameworkWhat is interesting
- Page 27 and 28:
26 The frameworklateral relations,
- Page 29 and 30:
28 The frameworkIn general, we can
- Page 31 and 32:
30 The frameworkobstruents followed
- Page 33 and 34:
32 The frameworkLet us look more de
- Page 35 and 36:
34 The framework(7) PGO N O N O N O
- Page 37 and 38:
36 The frameworkby all sounds. Thus
- Page 39 and 40:
38 The frameworkexist. What is a Br
- Page 41 and 42:
40The frameworkLowenstamm’s (1999
- Page 43 and 44:
42 The frameworksky and Halle’s (
- Page 45 and 46: 44 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 47 and 48: 46 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 49 and 50: 48 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 51 and 52: 50 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 53 and 54: 52 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 55 and 56: 54 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 57 and 58: 56 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 59 and 60: 58 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 61 and 62: 60 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 63 and 64: 62 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 65 and 66: 64 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 67 and 68: 66 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 69 and 70: 68 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 71 and 72: 70 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 73 and 74: 72 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 75 and 76: 74 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 77 and 78: 76 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 79 and 80: 78 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 81 and 82: 80 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 83 and 84: 82 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 85 and 86: 84 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 87 and 88: 86 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 89 and 90: 88 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 91 and 92: 90 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 93 and 94: 92 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 95: 94 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 99 and 100: 98 The phonological nature of the b
- Page 101 and 102: III. Bogus clusters, syllabic conso
- Page 103 and 104: 102 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 105 and 106: 104 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 107 and 108: 106 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 109 and 110: 108 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 111 and 112: 110 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 113 and 114: 112 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 115 and 116: 114 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 117 and 118: 116 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 119 and 120: 118 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 121 and 122: 120 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 123 and 124: 122 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 125 and 126: 124 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 127 and 128: 126 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 129 and 130: 128 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 131 and 132: 130 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 133 and 134: 132 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 135 and 136: 134 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 137 and 138: 136 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 139 and 140: 138 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 141 and 142: 140 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 143 and 144: 142 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 145 and 146: 144 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 147 and 148:
146 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 149 and 150:
148 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 151 and 152:
150 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
- Page 153 and 154:
152 Conclusionnisms available in th
- Page 155 and 156:
154 ReferencesBotma, B. (2004) Phon
- Page 157 and 158:
156 ReferencesGussmann, E. (1998) D
- Page 159 and 160:
158 ReferencesPawelec, P. (1989) Cy
- Page 161 and 162:
160 ReferencesScheer, T. (1997) Vow
- Page 164 and 165:
Author indexAbercrombie, David 103A
- Page 166 and 167:
Artur KijakGrupy spó³g³oskowe w
- Page 168 and 169:
Zusammenfassung167für alle anderen