On the development of soft labials...4.4. Two-segment analysis of soft labialsin the Kurp dialect 3193In this section we shall make an attempt to explain the behaviour of softlabials in the Kurp dialect. It will be demonstrated that soft labials aresequences of two consonants and their behaviour can be explained accordingto the position they occupy in the syllable structure. Moreover,the findings of this section confirm the claim that the initial empty CVunit is inactive in Polish.In section 4.2 we have presented the realisation of soft labials in theMazovian and Kurp dialects. Recall from that section that in those dialectsthe ‘glide appendix’ is realised either as a palatal fricative [X ® /V ® ]or a prepalatal one [‚/ó], after the bilabial nasal it surfaces as a prepalatalnasal []. What is striking, however, is the fact that /j/ evolves intoa fricative only in the post-consonantal position and never word-initially,intervocalically or preconsonantally. 32 Thus, while piasek ‘sand’is pronounced in the Kurp dialect as [p‚asek], the only possible realisationof jab³ko ‘apple’ is [japko] and not *[óapko]. What we are faced within the former example must be a fortition process, where the front glide[j] has been strengthened to a prepalatal fricative [‚]. The Coda Mirror,outlined in the previous section, predicts two strong positions whereconsonants may undergo fortition, namely, word-initially and after a heterosyllabicconsonant. However, as argued in this chapter, the Polishinitial empty CV unit is inactive, hence it does not require a governor.This single fact has far-reaching consequences. Firstly, there is only onestrong position in this language, that is, a post-consonantal position.Secondly, word-initial position is equated with the intervocalic one asit is both governed and licensed. The latter prediction is confirmedby the form [japko] in which the glide, similarly to the intervocalic positionin, for example, wieje ‘it blows’, does not react. Since the initial emptyCV unit is inactive, the initial [j] in [japko] appears in unfavourableconditions. It is both governed and licensed, which, according to theCoda Mirror, is a weak position, hence the lack of the change j < ó (48b).31The discussion in this section is confined to the Kurp dialect. The solution offeredhere, however, can be applied to the Mazovian data as well.32What is crucial here is the presence of the preceding labial consonant from whichthe glide seems to ‘borrow’ some elements. Note that this fact alone might explain theabsence of the fortition process in other contexts. The latter observation weakens somewhatour argument in this section. However, in the light of the discussion in the followingsection, the analysis proposed here is still validated.
94 The phonological nature of the beginning of the wordFurthermore, since a strong position appears after a governed emptynucleus, soft labials are not only two separate consonants — they aretwo heterosyllabic consonants separated by a governed empty nucleus(48a).(48) a. PG b. Gvt.(C V 0)C 1|pV 1|PC 2|j>‚V 2|aC|sV 3|eC|kV 4|P(C V 0)C|jV 1|aC|pV 2|PC|kV 3|oLic. Lic.The initial empty CV unit in (48a) is inactive, hence the nucleus V 0doesnot require a governor. This means that the empty nucleus between /pj/can be properly governed by the following nucleus V 2. Now, the reasonwhy the glide reacts in this position is the fact that it escapes governmentwhile being licensed — a typical strong position. In (48b), on theother hand, the initial consonant is both licensed and governed, thus theposition is weak. In other words, the initial position in (48b) is identicalto the intervocalic one and hence the glide does not react. This is thereason why the word-initial /j/ is never strengthened to a prepalatal fricativein the dialect.To sum up, the explanation of the Kurp facts is possible only on twoconditions. Firstly, the initial empty CV unit is inactive in Polish. Secondly,soft labials are two separate segments. Note that it could be claimedthat since the labial consonant plus the glide resemble a typical TR cluster,they should contract the IG relation. However, were that the case,the glide would occur in a weak position as it would be both governedand licensed. This is because an empty nucleus enclosed in the domain ofIG does not require an external governor; it can remain empty for a differentreason, namely, it is sandwiched between two consonants holdinga governing relation. Thus, a vowel following the IG relation both governsand licenses the immediately preceding consonant. The heterosyllabicstatus of a labial consonant plus the glide is independently confirmedby a frequent, non-obligatory cluster simplification phenomenonwhich can be observed in this dialect. It affects only labial fricativesand a labial nasal [f], [v], [m], while the labial plosives [p/b] are neverdropped. Consider again the forms presented under (43) repeated herefor convenience.
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Polish and EnglishConsonantal Clust
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ContentsPreface . . . . . . . . . .
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PrefaceThe phonotactic peculiaritie
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Preface92000), Ploch (1999), van de
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List of abbreviationsBrODIdim.FODge
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14 The frameworkemploying the simpl
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16 The frameworksion in section 3 b
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18 The frameworkmodel is able to ha
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20 The frameworkhanan 1986). Thus,
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22 The frameworkare not derived at
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24 The frameworkWhat is interesting
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26 The frameworklateral relations,
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28 The frameworkIn general, we can
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30 The frameworkobstruents followed
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32 The frameworkLet us look more de
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34 The framework(7) PGO N O N O N O
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36 The frameworkby all sounds. Thus
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38 The frameworkexist. What is a Br
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40The frameworkLowenstamm’s (1999
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144 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
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148 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
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150 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
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152 Conclusionnisms available in th
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154 ReferencesBotma, B. (2004) Phon
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156 ReferencesGussmann, E. (1998) D
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158 ReferencesPawelec, P. (1989) Cy
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160 ReferencesScheer, T. (1997) Vow
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Author indexAbercrombie, David 103A
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Artur KijakGrupy spó³g³oskowe w
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Zusammenfassung167für alle anderen