Untitled

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Conclusions97two positions where consonants can undergo fortition. Similarly to thecase discussed in the previous section, labial + yod sequences cannotinteract in the IG domain. The argument against this solution is that inFrench the sonorants appearing in IG relations are preserved withoutany change. Moreover, in other Romance languages this position is weak,which is illustrated by the Italian evolution /l/ > /j/, e.g. pleenu > pieno‘complete’, blancu > bianco ‘white’, etc.To sum up, the evolution of Latin /j/ presented in this section is nearlyidentical to the development of the soft labials in the Kurp dialect. Inboth cases the post-consonantal /j/ is strengthened to a fricative. Thefortition occurring in this position results naturally from the theory oflenition outlined in section 4.3. The post-consonantal segment appearsin a strong position as it is preceded by an empty nucleus which absorbsthe government. The main difference is that while in French the wordinitial/j/ behaves identically to the post-consonantal one, i.e. it is strengthened,in the Kurp dialect the word-initial yod does not react. The differenceis explained by the fact that French, according to the division presentedin Chapter One, belongs to the group of languages in which theinitial empty CV unit is active. This simply means that the word-initial/j/ occurs in the strong position and in consequence it evolves into [Z]. InPolish, on the other hand, the initial empty CV unit is inactive, consequentlythe word-initial /j/ does not occur in a strong position and henceit is never strengthened into a fricative.5. ConclusionsIn this chapter we have focused our attention on the syllabification ofconsonant clusters at the left margin in Polish. One of the main objectiveswas to find evidence for the inactive character of the initial emptyCV unit.The idea that languages fall into two general groups, where the divisionis based on the active/inactive character of the initial empty CVunit, has been tested on Polish consonant sequences occurring at the leftmargin. The syllable structure advocated by the Strict CV proponentstogether with the idea of the active/inactive character of the initial emptyCV unit suffice to explain why languages allow for different wordinitialconsonant sequences. Moreover, it has been demonstrated thatthe Strict CV model, using only two mechanisms, Proper Governmentand Infrasegmental Government, is able to cover the Polish facts. On the7 Polish...
98 The phonological nature of the beginning of the wordbasis of the prefixation and vowel-zero alternation both in Polish andCzech we have seen that the postulation of two representations for phoneticallythe same cluster is fully justified. Moreover, the solutions appliedin this chapter make it possible to give a uniform explanation tothe vocalisation of the prefix vowel in the group of Derived Imperfectives.Finally, it has been demonstrated that /m/ plays a special role inthe Polish phonological system in that it behaves like a regular obstruentbeing a governee in consonant relations.In section 3 we have analysed three-consonant clusters occurring atthe left margin in Polish. It has been demonstrated that Polish allowsfor complex word-initial consonant clusters not because it is ‘privileged’,but because the initial empty CV unit in this language is inactive. Inother words, three-consonant clusters are possible in Polish due to thefact that in this language the initial CV unit is inactive, hence does notneed to be governed. In this situation the two mechanisms available inthe Strict CV model have a chance to occur giving rise to such complexconsonant sequences. The second part of section 3 dealt with Polish trappedconsonants occurring word-initially but also word-finally. We have providedsome evidence demonstrating that syllabic and trapped consonants,although related, call for two separate representations. Thus, on the basisof disparate behaviour concerning metrical structure, stress placementand prefixation in various Slavic languages syllabic and trappedconsonants have been assigned two separate representations. Syllabicconsonants are left-branching structures, while their cognates, thatis, trapped consonants, spread to the right. Finally, it has been proposedthat the nuclear position which hosts the right branch of the trappedconsonant is able to both govern and license.The inactive character of the initial empty CV unit in Polish is independentlyconfirmed by the development of soft labials in the Kurp dialectof Polish. It has been proposed that the realisation of soft labials inthis dialect should be treated as a regular fortition case. Thus, the Kurpdata have been analysed from the perspective of the Coda Mirror. Thistheory of lenition helped us explain why /j/ is strengthened in the postconsonantalposition only and never word-initially, intervocalically orpreconsonantally. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that soft labialsare sequences of two consonants and their behaviour can be explainedaccording to the position they occupy in the syllable structure. Finally,the conclusions reached in section 4 may contribute to the discussionconcerning the phonological status of soft labials. The conclusions at whichwe arrived in the analysis of soft labials are further confirmed by theevolution of labial + yod sequences in Gallo-Romance. It has been shownthat the development of Latin /j/ is nearly identical to the development of
Page 2 and 3:
Polish and EnglishConsonantal Clust
Page 4 and 5:
Artur KijakPolish and EnglishConson
Page 6 and 7:
ContentsPreface . . . . . . . . . .
Page 8 and 9:
PrefaceThe phonotactic peculiaritie
Page 10 and 11:
Preface92000), Ploch (1999), van de
Page 12:
List of abbreviationsBrODIdim.FODge
Page 15 and 16:
14 The frameworkemploying the simpl
Page 17 and 18:
16 The frameworksion in section 3 b
Page 19 and 20:
18 The frameworkmodel is able to ha
Page 21 and 22:
20 The frameworkhanan 1986). Thus,
Page 23 and 24:
22 The frameworkare not derived at
Page 25 and 26:
24 The frameworkWhat is interesting
Page 27 and 28:
26 The frameworklateral relations,
Page 29 and 30:
28 The frameworkIn general, we can
Page 31 and 32:
30 The frameworkobstruents followed
Page 33 and 34:
32 The frameworkLet us look more de
Page 35 and 36:
34 The framework(7) PGO N O N O N O
Page 37 and 38:
36 The frameworkby all sounds. Thus
Page 39 and 40:
38 The frameworkexist. What is a Br
Page 41 and 42:
40The frameworkLowenstamm’s (1999
Page 43 and 44:
42 The frameworksky and Halle’s (
Page 45 and 46:
44 The phonological nature of the b
Page 47 and 48: 46 The phonological nature of the b
Page 97: 96 The phonological nature of the b
Page 101 and 102: III. Bogus clusters, syllabic conso
Page 103 and 104: 102 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
Page 149 and 150:
148 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
Page 151 and 152:
150 Bogus clusters, syllabic conson
Page 153 and 154:
152 Conclusionnisms available in th
Page 155 and 156:
154 ReferencesBotma, B. (2004) Phon
Page 157 and 158:
156 ReferencesGussmann, E. (1998) D
Page 159 and 160:
158 ReferencesPawelec, P. (1989) Cy
Page 161 and 162:
160 ReferencesScheer, T. (1997) Vow
Page 164 and 165:
Author indexAbercrombie, David 103A
Page 166 and 167:
Artur KijakGrupy spó³g³oskowe w
Page 168 and 169:
Zusammenfassung167für alle anderen
show all

Untitled

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?