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S09 S09P25 Effects of fluorescent Pseudomonas and Bacillus sp. on Blue Mold of citrus caused by Penicillium italicum Askarne L., Talibi I., Boubaker H., Boudyach E.H., Msanda F., Saadi B., Serghini M.A., and Ait Ben Aoumar A. Laboratoire de Biotechnologies et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles (LBVRN), Biology, Morocco. as.latifa@gmail.com Blue Mold of citrus caused by Penicillium italicum is an important and devastating disease during storage of citrus fruits. Currently control treatments to manage this disease involve the application of synthetic fungicides, which have adverse effects on the environment and health. To overcome these problems and current concern of consumers towards the use of pesticides, alternative methods for decay control are needed. The use of antagonistic microorganisms is becoming popular throughout the world. A total of 466 bacteria isolated from the surface of citrus fruits, leaves and rhizospheric soil were in vitro screened for their antifungal activity against P. italicum. Results showed that among 110 active isolates, 69 were fluorescent Pseudomonas and 41 belong to the Bacillus genus. Isolates which presented the widest inhibition zone (25 mm
fruits received the following treatments: T1 water (control), T2 0.16% IMZ PRM applied with RSS at the packing line, T3 wax 0.2% IMZ with RSS at the packing line, T4 dipping in 0.16% IMZ PRM for 30 seconds, T5 dipping in wax 0.2% IMZl for 30 seconds. Fruits were stored at 4ºC and 90% RH during 15 days and then at 20ºC and 90% HR during 7 days. Fruit damage were evaluated as % of control (incidence). The RAI levels were measured in fruit, flesh and essential oils. Results indicated that the best treatment was T4 with 100% disease control. The RAI in fruit were: 2 mg/kg of PRM and 3.8 mg/kg IMZ, and in essential oils: 104 mg/kg of PRMl and 182 mg/kg of IMZ. T2 treatment yielded 30 % of disease control and the RAI in fruit were: 1.2 mg/kg of PRM and 0.69 mg/ kg of IMZ and in essential oils: 89 mg/kg of PRM and 37 mg/kg of IMZ. No residue was detected in the flesh. The effectiveness of the application system was directly related to the RAI levels found in fruits and in essential oils. S09P28 Resistant strains to postharvest fungicides in Algarve citrus companies. Packinghouse sampling and in vivo assays Salazar M. 1 , Mendes S. 2 , and Nunes C. 1 1Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Universidade do Algarve. FCT, Portugal; and 2Instituto Universitário D. Afonso III (INUAF), CICAE., Portugal. miguel.salazar@agro-on.pt Use of fungicides is the main way to control postharvest diseases of citrus fruits. Tiabendazole (TBZ) and imazalil (IZ) are the most used fungicides to control Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum. However, prolonged use of TBZ and IMZ leads to the selection of resistant strains. Therefore, to identify resistant strains and quantify the level of the resistant population in a packinghouse may be a useful management tool. Sampling methods are based on in vitro assays, but in vivo responses may differ, since disease development depends on many factors. The aim of this work was to quantify TBZ and IZ P. digitatum and P. italicum resistant strains in representative packinghouses in Algarve region, Portugal, and to evaluate its potential commercial impact by performing in vivo tests. Surveys were conducted during 7 seasons (2004-05 to 2010-11) using a gravimetric method with Petri dishes of PDA, PDA amended with 10 ppm of TBZ, and PDA amended with 1 ppm of IZ. Resistant strains were found in all 14 packinghouses surveyed. Resistance to TBZ was around 24% and to IZ 11%, increasing over the years. Resistant strains were counted in samples from drenching treatments. In vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the outcome obtained from in vitro assays. In spite of variability observed, the incidence of resistant strains in commercialized fruits is of paramount importance and should be the subject of further work. S09P29 Influence of paraben concentration on the development of Green and Blue Molds on ‘Valencia’ orange fruit Moscoso-Ramírez P.A. 1 , Montesinos-Herrero C. 1 , and Palou L. 2 1Colegio de Postgraduados (COLPOS), Campus Tabasco, H. Cárdenas, Tabasco, México; and 2Institut Valencià d’Investigacions Agràries (IVIA), Centre de Tecnologia Postcollita (CTP), Spain. palou_llu@gva.es Three paraben sodium salts (p-hydroxy-benzoate) were evaluated as postharvest treatments to control Citrus Green and Blue Molds, caused by Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum, respectively. The curative activity of sodium methyl (SMP, at 0.1, 1, 10, 40, 70, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mM), ethyl (SEP, at 0.1, 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 70, and 100 mM) and propyl (SPP, at 0.1, 1, 4, 7, 10, and 100 mM) parabens was evaluated on ‘Valencia’ sweet orange fruit by inoculating P. digitatum and P. italicum in rind wounds and, about 24 h later, placing a drop of the solutions in the same rind wound. Disease development was assessed on fruit incubated at 20ºC for 6 days. All three paraben salts reduced mold development. Concentrations of 150, 200 and 250 mM of SMP were the most effective and completely controlled both diseases. Concentrations of 20, 30, 40, 70 and 100mM of SEP reduced the incidence of Green and Blue Mold by 100, 94, 100, 100 and 73% and 87, 62, 93, 100 and 80%, respectively. Concentrations of 7, 10 and 100 mM of SPP reduced the incidence of Green and Blue Mold by 94, 89 and 94% and 70, 88 and 100%, respectively. Most of these concentrations of SMP, SEP and SPP also significantly reduced the severity of both diseases. SMP at 200 mM, SEP at 80 mM and SPP at 100 mM were, among the range of concentrations tested, selected as the best to be used in further research. XII INTERNATIONAL <strong>CITRUS</strong> CONGRESS 2012 - 149 S09
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THE XII INTERNATIONAL CITRUS CONGRE
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WELCOME MESSAGE On behalf of the In
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Members Dr. FLORENTINO JUSTE Direct
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Poster presentations All posters ar
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SPONSORS XII INTERNATIONAL CITRUS C
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WE TAKE CARE Managing and adding va
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Scientific Programme
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SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME Note: Sessions
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SESSION 01: Citrus germplasm and ph
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Poster ID Title S02P01 S02P02 S02P0
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SESSION 05: BIOTECHNOLOGY Oral pres
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SESSION 08: Abiotic stress Oral pre
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SESSION 09: Postharvest physiology
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Oral ID Title S11O03 S11O04 S11O05
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Oral ID Title S12O04 S12O05 S12O06
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SESSION 15: Fungal diseases Oral pr
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Plenary Conferences PC01 The Spanis
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Drip irrigation introduced in the 8
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Global warming and its impact on cl
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egional, i.e. applied on an area-wi
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PC07 Biological control and citrus:
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W01 HLB control Convener: J.M. Bov
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mandarin cultivars such as `Fortune
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• Open: All growers have free acc
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Genetic restriction of fruit tree s
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W08 Global citrus industry collabor
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forced-air, vapor heat, cold, and i
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S01O01 Citron germplasm in Yunnan,
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citrus cultivars are interspecific
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S01P06 Diversity analysis of citrus
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Our results demonstrate that the ci
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S02O01 The triploid mandarin breedi
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S02O06 Citrus breeding in South Afr
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furanocoumarins. However, a particu
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or horticultural traits, but truene
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S02P06 Preliminary research on gene
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S02P11 Development CTV resistant ci
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S02P16 Mechanism of seedlessness in
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S02P21 Haploid and polyploid hybrid
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agronomically characterized 79 hybr
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2011. Early production was achieved
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are vigorous with nearly round-shap
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Session 03 CITRUS GENOMICS S03
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S03 of large genomic regions. Seque
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S03 S03O07 Analysis of the clementi
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S03 and recombinant DNA technology.
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S03 TFs. Some of them are MADS-box
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S03 S03P13 Fast and cost-effective
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Session 05 BIOTECHNOLOGY S05
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S05 the regulation of carotenogenes
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S05 stoma density, size and opening
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S05 S05P02 Comprehending crystallin
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S05 S05P07 D-limonene downregulatio
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S05 to this disease. Development of
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S05 tomato constitutively express L
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S05 deletor’ technology is an eff
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S05 sour orange seedlings. The embr
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S05 biodegradable makes them attrac
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S06O01 Effect of male-female intera
Page 167 and 168: S06O06 Endogenous factors affecting
Page 169 and 170: lowest levels at fruit mature stage
Page 171 and 172: (5.6% of the total citrus area) wit
Page 173: almost disappeared and total yield
Page 177 and 178: S07O01 Citrus developmental researc
Page 179 and 180: S07O06 Exploring microRNA target mo
Page 181 and 182: set of the orange varieties ‘Wash
Page 183 and 184: S07P10 Transcript accumulation of f
Page 185: Session 08 ABIOTIC STRESS S08
Page 188 and 189: S08 present study, we identified pr
Page 190 and 191: S08 S08O08 Microsprinkler irrigatio
Page 192 and 193: S08 S08P05 Role of ammonium nutriti
Page 194 and 195: S08 S08P10 Cloning and functional a
Page 196 and 197: S08 S08P15 Flooding and soil temper
Page 198 and 199: S08 S08P20 Orange varieties as inte
Page 200 and 201: S08 In a field experiment, the tole
Page 203 and 204: S09O01 Genome sequence of the necro
Page 205 and 206: calcofluor white (CFW) or congo red
Page 207 and 208: a continuous flow-through system (2
Page 209 and 210: experimental evidences in mandarin
Page 211 and 212: for 14 days was investigated. Chang
Page 213 and 214: S09P13 Organoleptic quality and pre
Page 215 and 216: SOD activity in the Δsod1 mutant w
Page 217: were observed. Thus, other possible
Page 221 and 222: 3) to evaluate different treatments
Page 223: acid, sodium carbonate and sodium m
Page 227 and 228: S10O01 Open hydroponics of citrus c
Page 229 and 230: gas exchange, foliar SPAD index and
Page 231 and 232: y citrus and consequent effects on
Page 233 and 234: strongly decreased with the applica
Page 235 and 236: strategies. The aim of this work wa
Page 237 and 238: S10P15 Efficiency of zinc (68Zn) fe
Page 239 and 240: S10P20 Phosphorus deficiency decrea
Page 241 and 242: S10P25 Foliar nutrition with macron
Page 243: S10P30 Use of plant-soil-atmosphere
Page 247 and 248: S11O01 New method of citrus graftin
Page 249 and 250: S11O06 Reduction of fruit splitting
Page 251 and 252: S11P03 Evaluation of rootstocks for
Page 253 and 254: S11P08 Production of ‘Tahiti’ a
Page 255 and 256: season and test a range of varietie
Page 257 and 258: S11P18 A phytosanitary evaluation m
Page 259: over 50% of the infested fields. Th
Page 263 and 264: S12O01 New insights into the citrus
Page 265 and 266: or Huanglongbing (HLB) and its vect
Page 267 and 268: trapping program, visual surveys, p
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S12P01 Yield loss modeling of “Ca
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amplify different geographical Huan
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affects all known citrus species an
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S12P15 Systemic insecticides are ef
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S12P20 Heat treatment of Huanglongb
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leaves. Although XCT44 produces les
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incidence of canker. Only in the ye
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lime were treated with chitosan (CH
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S12P39 Unforbidden fruits: Preventi
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S12P43 Analysis of citrus huanglonb
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S13O01 Application of the Sterile I
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(SIT) application. Both mass-trappi
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S13P03 An early step toward the dev
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S13P07 Potential of secondary metab
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climatic conditions, including Tuni
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Session 14 VIRUS AND VIRUS LIKE DIS
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S14 even if infected, an investigat
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S14 S14O08 New generation sequencin
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S14 stunting and low fruit yield an
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S14 S14P06 Molecular diversity of C
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S14 along the Ionian coast and the
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S14 S14P15 Integrated Citrus Triste
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S14 infected tree incites the psoro
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S14 Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP
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S14 infected trees, while bark scal
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S14 grafted on C. volkameriana, sou
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S15O01 The arrival of Citrus Black
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S15O06 Epidemiology of Alternaria B
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S15O11 Searching for citrus rootsto
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S15P05 Modelling of Guignardia pseu
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S15P10 Outbreak and occurrence of A
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concerns have prompted governments
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control strategies. A survey was in
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Santa Barbara, Tulare, and Ventura.
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into two groups: one dried in the s
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S16O01 The status of citrus IPM in
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S16O06 Progress toward integrated m
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was uniform under the non-UV-blocki
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S16O16 Field evaluation of some pes
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S16P01 Analysis of population trend
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S16P06 Use of oils to control the A
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stage, nymphs and eggs that were ob
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S16P16 Repellency and acceptability
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could be described by the Holling I
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S16P25 Assessment of trophic intera
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S16P30 Composition and flight activ
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2010 and 2011, the efficacy of spra
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were: esfenvalerate (0.25); deltame
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S16P44 Preliminary survey of the Gr
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Session 17 VARIETIES S17
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S17 included represent California,
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S17 S17P01 Plant growth, initial fr
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S17 S17P06 Fruit characteristics of
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S17 S17P11 Evaluation of Lemon Sele
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S17 S17P16 New tangors for Brazilia
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S17 growing areas are from Coquimbo
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S17 recorded during the previous 21
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Session 18 ROOTSTOCKS S18
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S18 sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata
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S18 lower and higher ML yields/tree
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S18 S18P03 Effect of the rootstock
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S18 S18P08 Agronomic performance of
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S18 potentially very interesting fo
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S18 favorable for the citrus indust
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S18 overfruiting and temperature du
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S18 S18P28 Tree performance and fru
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Session 20 CITRUS AND HEALTH S20
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S20 and ascorbic acid, acting indiv
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S20 dysfunction. Microarray studies
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S20 of satsuma, however, (even some
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Session 21 POSTHARVEST AND JUICE PR
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S21 determined by HPLC. Results ind
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S21 flowers of different cultivars
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S21 pallet and in the fruits) 40 di
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S21 effectiveness or completely ine
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S21 of Agriculture for agricultural
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Session 22 CITRUS ECONOMICS AND TRA
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S22 slowed down. USA is currently t
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S22 growers, this requires permanen
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S22 demand is growing due to knowle
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Author’s Index
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Beitia F. 228 Belda J.E. 290 Beldom
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del Pino A. 330, 333 Del Río J.A.
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Gush M.B. 157 Guven B. 288 Guzmán-
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Lo Presti P. 244 Locali E.C. 204 Lo
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Orce I.G. 208 Ordúz J. 239 Orea Ve
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Sela I. 107 Sela N. 133, 146, 264 S
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Xie Y.M. 87 Xin-Hua H. 28 Xingzheng
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