LIBRO-CONGRESO-CITRUS

S22
growers, this requires permanent technology up-dates and changes in variety grown, driven by income-risk
criteria, as well as technical and commercial experience. The duration of an investment depends on the
agronomic performance of the variety or its commercial life, which can sometimes be shortened due to
lack of consumer acceptance. The survival of a variety depends on many variables: technical, quality, and
competitiveness of the variety. Spanish citrus production falls into five main groups of varieties: lemons
(13%), clementines (25%), mandarin hybrids (9.5%), navels (32%) and common sweet oranges (12%). The
most productive varieties are: ‘Fino’, ‘Navelina’, ‘Clemenules’, ‘Lane Late’ and ‘Valencia’. Regarding changes
in varietal composition of interest, the introduction of new varieties or clones of the ‘Clemenules’ groups
(‘Orogrande’, ‘Nulessin’), Navel (‘Powell’, ‘Rohde’, ‘Barnfield’) and ‘Valencia’ (‘Barberina’, ‘Midknight’, ‘V.
Late Frost’ and ‘Delta Seedless’) is noteworthy. There is constant pressure to supply new varieties of early
clementines, whose survival is usually short. Currently, mandarin hybrids represent one group with potential
to expand.
S22P02
Evolution of the international citrus trade in the Valencian region.
Aznar Puente J.L., García Martínez G., Silvestre Esteve E., and Orea Vega G.
Universitat Politécnica De València (UPV), Economics and Social Sciences, Spain. ensiles@esp.upv.es
The citrus production in the Valencian Region, is clearly oriented to the final consumer and presents a
consolidated export tradition. Spain has become for years the leader in the worldwide citrus market, and
the Valencian Region represents the 75% of the total Spanish exports. Consumers are increasingly more
concerned about environment issues. They constitute along with prices the two most important variables in
their decision process. Citrus growing and especially its transportation produce relevant energy consumption
and greenhouse gas emissions. Transportation is a factor that directly affects the price of the goods and could
become critical for, in certain cases, penalizing the product. For citrus companies, the energy consumption in
transport and the generation of greenhouse gas emissions will vary depending on the mode of transport used.
Therefore, in order to preserve their competitiveness, not only it is necessary that companies know which
transportation mode is more efficient, but also which one is less aggressive with the environment. According
to the above, this paper develops a model that calculates the absorption / emission of CO 2 derived from the
citrus cultivation and the citrus export by land transport modes. The objectives pursued are as the following:
1) To identify the main export trade flows of Spain and the Valencian Region, and the transportation needs
that they generate; 2) To determine the current transport mode framework in the citrus export, by defining
the use of each type of transport mode towards the most significant country destinations; 3) To calculate the
CO2 balance emission / absortion associated to the citrus crop growing procedures and the balance caused
by the international transportation of the Valencian citrus products; and 4) To compare and calculate the
economic costs linked to the land transportation modes to the main foreign markets, that the Valencian citrus
export companies currently face.
S22P03
The citrus chain in Entre Rios: characterization and economic impact of some technologies to
increase competitiveness and equity
Vera L.M.V., Díaz Vélez R.D.V., Banfi G.B., Garrán S.M., and Gómez C.G.
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Experimental Concordia. Entre Ríos, Argentina. luismariavera@gmail.com
Citrus chain in Entre Rios, include 42,000 ha of citrus, principally with orange and mandarin, and nearly
1,800 growers. The average area per grower is nearly to 24 ha, but the incidence of the small fields, the
modal area is between 15 and 20 ha. Then the technology may be able to resolve the trouble of this kind of
productive structure. The high density plantation and the precision citriculture technology make an interesting
contribution on this way. This work study the economic aspect of this technology proposal, related with the
costs, income distribution, resumed in economics and financial indices, in comparation with the traditional
density and management. The experience in the Experimental Concordia, indicate that the cost can be nearly
to the traditional working form, but the productivity and quality can increase significantly.
370 - VALENCIA CONFERENCE CENTER, 18th-23rd NOVEMBER 2012