LIBRO-CONGRESO-CITRUS

S16O16
Field evaluation of some pesticides and biological control against citrus mealybug Planococcus
citri Risso (Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae)
Kararacoglu M. 1 , Kutuk H. 1 , Tufekli M. 1 , Satar G. 2 , and Yarpuzlu F. 1
1 Biological Control Research Station, Turkey; and 2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Cukurova,
Turkey. h_kutuk@hotmail.com
This study was conducted to compare efficiency of some insecticide and biological control against citrus
mealybug, Planococcus citri Risso (Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae), caused important economic losses in recent
years in the Mediterranian region of Turkey. It was investigated at 23 different citrus orchards ranged 0.6-
17 ha in Finike districtive of Antalya province in 2011. Summer oil, Chloropyrifos-ethyl, Spirotetramat and
biological control agents, (Cryptolaemus monrozieri Mulsant and Leptomastix dactylopii How.) were applied
under farmer conditions. Biological control agent was sampeled by stenier funnel and made visual observation
of 100 fruit for infestation rate 30-45 days after application. There weren’t found any big differences between
insecticide application and biological control. While the lowest infestation value was Summer oil (% 5.91);
Spirotetramat (% 6.88), Chloropyriphos-ethyl (%7.69) and biological control (% 8.66) fallowed it. The highest
average number of predator (biological control agent) was determined as 20.57 individulas per steiner funnel
for biological control applied citrus orchard, followed by summer oil as 4.25 individuals, spirotetramat as 2.67
individuals. But no biological control agent observed at Chloropyriphos-ethyl applied citrus orchards. Because
of possibility of fitotoxity effect of summer oil at hot weather condition, spirotetramat looks an alternative to
biological control or has a change in IPM application for managing citrus mealybug.
S16O17
Can imidacloprid cause lepidopteran pest repercussions?
Moore S.D. 1 , Van der Walt R. 2 , Kirkman W. 1 , and Du Preez D. 3
1 Citrus Research International (CRI), South Africa; 2 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU), Biochemistry and Microbiology,
South Africa; and 3 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU), Botany, South Africa. seanmoore@cri.co.za
Imidacloprid has been registered on citrus for the control of California red scale and aphids for many years.
Higher levels of false codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta, on citrus have anecdotally been associated
with the use of systemically applied imidacloprid for a number of years. However, these observations have
not been scientifically supported until now. Two analytical methods were used to determine the physiological
effect of imidacloprid on adult female FCM: mass spectrometry for ovarian protein and HPLC for quantifying
Juvenile Hormone (JHIII) levels. Elevated ovarian protein and JHIII levels were recorded in moths which had
developed from imidacloprid-treated fruit or diet. Additionally, fecundity of moths which developed from
imidacloprid-treated fruit was significantly higher than that of moths which had developed on untreated
fruit. In a field trial, FCM infestation in the imidacloprid-treated half of an orchard was almost double that
in the untreated half of the orchard. This comparison was reliable, as there were no other differences in the
pesticide programme and FCM levels in the two halves of the orchard had been almost identical during the
previous season. This trend was, however, not repeated in a second orchard. Although final repetitions of
ovarian protein, JHIII, laboratory fecundity studies and studies on field levels of FCM will be conducted, it
can already be concluded that imidacloprid treatment of citrus trees can lead to elevated levels of FCM in
orchards. It is possible that the same effect could also occur with other Lepidoptera.
S16O18
Ecology and management of Kelly’s Citrus Thrips in Eastern Spain
Navarro-Campos C. 1 , Pekas A. 2 , Aguilar A. 1 , and Garcia-Marí F. 1
1 Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Instituto Agroforestal del Mediterráneo, Spain; and 2 Biobest Belgium N.V., R&D
Department, Belgium. crinacam@posgrado.upv.es
Kelly’s Citrus Thrips (KCT), Pezothrips kellyanus, is a recently reported citrus pest worldwide. In eastern
Spain citrus KCT was first identified in 2005 and nowadays is the most abundant thrips species found in
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