LIBRO-CONGRESO-CITRUS

S21
of Agriculture for agricultural technology research system, we are carrying out research and development of
automated, labor-saving and comprehensive utilization machinery to solve problem in Chinese citrus canned
industry. The machinery includes automated peeling, segment defect detector, segment filling machine, cyst
lossless pump systems, peel layer separator and low bubble filling equipment for citrus thick drinks.
S21P17
Extension of the project for obtaining bioethanol from citrus waste
Conesa C., Fito P., and Fito P.J.
Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo (IuIAD), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Spain.
clcodo@etsia.upv.es
The production of citrus fruit in Spain generates more than 0.5 million tons of waste. This is mainly due
to rejects when packing fresh fruit, withdrawing fruit under agricultural policies and the waste generated
by processing industries. That is the reason why an important challenge for the citrus sector is the use of
this waste to unlock its economic value and eliminate the environmental problems that it may generate.
The Instituto de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo (IIAD) at the Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
(UPV) has developed a system for reusing waste from citrus production and processing to make bioethanol
and high value-added niche products such as essential oils. The purpose of this study was to find the best
sites for obtaining bioethanol from citrus waste. This meant beginning with the world’s largest citrus fruit
producers and then calculating the waste produced by rejects, withdrawals and processing industry waste.
The fermentable sugar content of the waste was determined and the countries where it would be feasible to
introduce technology similar to that developed by the IIAD in Spain were identified. The candidate countries
were Brazil, the USA, China, Mexico and Italy.
S21P18
Sensory analysis as an instrument for colour measurement in satsuma and ‘Nova’ mandarin fruits
Bello F., Vázquez D., Almirón N., Meier G., and Cocco M.
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (I.N.T.A.), Argentina. fbello@correo.inta.gov.ar
Colour index (CI) of early maturing citrus fruits is a parameter for correct fruit degreenig process. For this
reason the objective of this study was to develop a colour card for satsuma and ‘Nova’ mandarins fruits and
analyze the relationship of sensory panel assesses with the measuring instrument. Fruits of both varieties
were classified and selected to take pictures with different colour indexes using the range of -24 to 7 for
satsuma and -21 to 10 for ‘Nova’. Charts were developed with 25 cm 2 and 100 cm 2 size photos for satsuma
and ‘Nova’ respectively. The IC was determined as the average of 4 measurements in the middle of 25 fruits
per variety with Minolta CR 300. Mandarins were then presented to 12 judges to indicate the IC using the
charts. Correlation analysis was used for the relationship between values indicated by the judges and the
colorimeter measurements. Satsuma card was r = 0.982 and r = 0.978 for ‘Nova’. The high correlation between
colour index values measured by instrumental and sensory analysis indicates that these cards are useful and
accurate for measuring colour in satsuma and ‘Nova’ mandarin fruits.
S21P19
Discrimination of three Citrus paradisi cultivars by electronic nose.
Guarrasi V. 1 , Bernik D. 2 , Bulone D. 3 , San Biagio P. L. 3 , Germanà M. A. 1 , and Negri R. M. 2
1 Dip. DEMETRA, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Facoltà di Agraria, Viale delle Scienze 11, 90128, Palermo, Italy; 2 Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Analı́tica y Quı́mica Fı́sica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Quı́mica Fı́sica de Materiales,
Ambiente y Energıá, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria (INQUIMAE), Buenos Aires, Argentina; and 3 Istituto di BioFisica,
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy. valeria.guarrasi@pa.ibf.cnr.it
In this work the aromatic pattern of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) juices has been evaluated by an electronic
nose (e-nose) device, developed at the University of Buenos Aires. The core of this device is an array of
11 nonspecific metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors, capable of changing their electrical conductivity
362 - VALENCIA CONFERENCE CENTER, 18th-23rd NOVEMBER 2012