LIBRO-CONGRESO-CITRUS

were: esfenvalerate (0.25); deltamethrin (0.75); lambda-cyhalothrin (1.0); imidacloprid (4.0); thiamethoxam
(2.5) and control (distilled water). Citrus seedlings 30 cm in height with eight fully-developed leaves where
sprayed. After residues dried, two newly emerged P. citri females were placed on each leaf. The plants were
placed in a room with controlled temperature at 25±2°C, RH 70±15% and photophase of 14h. The design was
completely randomized with five treatments and three replications. Results were evaluated 28 days after
application by counting all living individuals. Intrinsic rate of increase was determined by the equation r i = [ln
(N f / N 0 )/Δt], where: N f = final number of individuals, N 0 = initial number of individuals and Δt = duration of
experiment. The r i ranged from 0.014 to 0.054, not significantly different among treatments. These results
suggest that the insecticides evaluated did not affect the mite population, being, therefore, one of the causes
for the outbreak population of P. citri.
S16P40
Side effects of some pesticides under field conditions on important parasitoids and predators in
citrus ecosystem
Simsek V.M. 1 , Uygun N. 2 , and Satar S. 2
1 Bayer CropsScience (BCS), Bayer CropsScience, Adana-Turkey; and 2 Çukurova University (ÇU), Department of Plant Protection, Adana
- Turkey. hserhat@cu.edu.tr
Side effects of pyriproxyfen, buprofezin, chlorpyrifos-ethyl, spirotetramat, mineral oil and paraffinic mineral oil
on some predators and parasitoid were investigated in a 12 years old orange orchard infested with Panonychus
citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) and a 16 years old lemon orchard infested with Aonidiella aurantii
(Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Trials were carried out under field conditions in 2008 and 2009 for P. citri
and 2007 and 2008 for A. aurantii. All treatments were replicated four times in a randomized block design.
After insecticide treatment, predators were collected with Steiner funnel and parasitoids for A. aurantii were
obtained by collecting plant materials at -1st, 7th, 14th and 21st days for both years. Effects of pesticides were
classified according to IOBC standards. Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (74.31%) and
Aphytis melinus DeBach (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) (>90%) for A. aurantii infested orchard, and Stethorus
gilvifrons (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) (85.06%) for P. citri infested orchard were recorded as main
predators and parasitoid in 2007 and 2008. The side effects of the pesticides on predators of P. citri were
found statistically significant for both years, but they were found moderately harmful (51-75%) for IOBC
field evaluation. Similar results were also obtained from A. aurantii infested orchards, as predators were
affected from pesticide at statistically different level. The lowest populations reduction was calculated for
spirotetramat (45.8% for 2007, 55.1% for 2008) and paraffinic mineral oil (45.8% for 2007, 54.3% for 2008),
while the highest level of reduction in predators populations were observed in chlorpyrifos-ethyl (91.7% for
2007, 87.9% for 2008) and pyriproxyfen (91.7% for 2007, 85.6% for 2008). Although effect of pesticides on A.
melinus were statistically different from each other, all pesticides were grouped as moderately harmful (51-
75%) or harmful (>75).
S16P41
Side effects of some pesticides under laboratory conditions on important parasitoids and
predators in citrus ecosystem.
Simsek V.M. 1 , Uygun N. 2 , and Satar S. 2
1 Bayer CropsScience (BCS), Bayer CropsScience, Adana-Turkey; and 2 Çukurova University (ÇU), Department of Plant Protection, Adana -
Turkey. mehmet.simsek@bayer.com
The laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate side effect of insecticides pyriproxyfen, buprofezin,
chlorpyrifos-ethyl, spirotetramat, mineral oil, paraffinic mineral oil and spinosad on Aphytis melinus DeBach
(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Leptomastix dactylopii Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Cryptolaemus
montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Sympherobius pygmaeus (Rambur) (Neuroptera:
Hemerobiidae). Contact toxicities of insecticides on beneficials and their progenies were monitored under
guidelines of IOBC. According to IOBC classification, pyriproxyfen was harmless on A. melinus, L. dactylopii
and C. montrouzieri adults and harmful on C. montrouzieri and S. pygmaeus larvae; buprofezin showed similar
XII INTERNATIONAL CITRUS CONGRESS 2012 - 299
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