LIBRO-CONGRESO-CITRUS

season and test a range of varieties in the hotter climate of Pakistan, and provide training in the areas of
nursery production, irrigation and orchard management. Technology transfer is taking place via small to
medium scale demonstration sites in citrus producing regions in Pakistan, and via more formal training of
citrus research and extension personnel in Pakistan and Australia.
S11P13
Technology and production costs for organic versus conventional ‘Navelina’ citrus orchards
Reis D. 1 , Marreiros A. 2 , Fernandes M.M. 2 , Mourão I. 3 , and Duarte A. 4
1 Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo (IPVC), Escola Superior Agrária de Ponte de Lima, Portugal; 2 Direcção Regional de Agricultura
e Pescas do Algarve (DRAPALG), Portugal; 3 Centro de Investigação de Montanha/Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo (CIMO/
IPVC), Escola Superior Agrária de Ponte de Lima, Portugal; and 4 Institute of Mediterranean Agricultural and Environmental Sciences -
University of Algarve (ICAAM/UAlg), Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Portugal. dhcreis@gmail.com
The organic production is often associated with higher production costs when compared to conventional
farming but other authors have reported a decrease in production costs for organic farming. In this study
we describe the operations carried out over a year in an organic orchard of ‘Navelina’ orange located in the
southern Portuguese region of Algarve. In addition, we describe the operations performed in two conventional
orchards, located near the organic orchard. The corresponding production costs were determined. The organic
orchard was managed quite differently from conventional orchards. The differences were significant in relation
to weed control, fertilization and pest and disease control. Although some biological orchard operations are
very expensive, the total production costs are similar in organic and conventional orchards. Yield was also
similar in both cultivation systems. The data obtained allowed for an evaluation of the economic benefits of
organic farming in this cultivar.
S11P14
Prediction of moving northward of favorable regions to cultivate subtropical citrus by estimation
of changes in annual mean and minimum air temperature in Japan
Sugiura T., Sakamoto D., Sugiura H., Koshita Y., and Asakura T.
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Japan. sugi@affrc.go.jp
Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) is the leading citrus variety in Japan. It often suffers high-temperature
damage such as sunscald, coloring disorder and puffy fruit. It has been predicted that satsuma mandarin
production in Japan will become difficult under increasing temperatures resulting from global warming.
Because fruit trees need several years to grow until they reach the productive age and once they start
producing, they are kept for many years, it is important to make planting plans for the long term and
incorporating climate change in the decision making. This study is an examination of whether ‘Tankan’ (Citrus
tankan), which in the past was the major subtropical citrus in Japan, can be grown in the areas where satsuma
mandarin is grown. To develop maps showing the most favorable regions to cultivate ‘Tankan’ in the future,
the annual mean air temperature and the lowest air temperature in one year were estimated by using mesh
temperature data (approximately 1 by 1 km resolution) that was derived from SRES-A1B emission scenario
and a general circulation model, MIROC3-HiRes. Results indicate that ‘Tankan’ can be basically cultivated in
the region where the satsuma mandarin cultivation became difficult. Subtropical citrus production may be
selected as one of the adaptation plans after 40 years in many of the present citrus zones with the exception
of inland area where cold damage will often occur.
S11P15
INTA´s Citrus Improvement Program
Costa N., Plata M.I., and Anderson C.
Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia (INTA), Argentina. anderson.citrus@gmail.com
INTA´s Citrus Improvement Program was established 28 years ago as an industry insurance policy. Since
1984, the Concordia Experiment Station maintains the citrus mother trees genetically and sanitarily
XII INTERNATIONAL CITRUS CONGRESS 2012 - 185
S11