Marie Curie Actions: Inspiring Researchers - Imdea

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SPINSWITCH‘Spin transport electronics’, or ‘spintronics’ for short, has been creating quite a stir in technology worldwide. Advancesin spintronics spell progress in many areas of technology: a non-volatile, more powerful and efficient computermemory, magnetic sensors and more. The Spinswitch network aimed to turn a new page in the studyof so-called spin transfer torque – and had a Nobel prizewinning spintronics pioneer right in its midst.
Spin,little electron, spinAt the basis of spintronics lies the fact that electrons in an atomhave an electric charge as well as an intrinsic spin, creatingwhat can basically be considered a very small magnet. Whileconventional electronics only makes use of the electrons’charge, spintronics also manipulates the spin. The result: itbecomes possible to change the magnetic orientation of amaterial at a very small scale.‘For applications in spintronic devices, electrons can beprepared with dominantly one spin orientation only,’ explainsSpinswitch coordinator Professor Burkard Hillebrands ofTechnische Universität Kaiserslautern in Germany. ‘Initialefforts used small magnetic fi elds to “fi lter” the electrons bytheir spin, hence changing properties such as the electricalresistance. More recently, it was discovered that the fl ow ofsuch spin-polarised electrons through a magnetic layer couldinfl uence its magnetisation dynamics by transferring some ofthe spin momentum to the magnetisation, the so-called “spintransfer” effect.’Building on Nobel prizewinning workA crucial step in spintronics was taken when French physicistProfessor Albert Fert – a member of the Spinswitch network –and German colleague Professor Peter Grünberg discovered aphenomenon dubbed Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) in thelate 1980s. GMR describes the changes in electrical resistancein thin-fi lm structures according to the presence or absenceof a magnetic fi eld.Its discovery brought about the breakthrough that led to thenext generation of hard disk drives, as used in various devicesfrom computers to mp3-players. The computer technologymultinational IBM got on board and used the technology toimprove the storage capacity of digital devices. Thus, spintronicsis helping to shape the modern world as we know it. In 2007 –at a time when Spinswitch was already in full swing – ProfessorFert and Professor Grünberg were awarded the Nobel Prize inPhysics for their groundbreaking work.Meanwhile, the discovery of the spin transfer effect hasenabled researchers to see the close link between spin andmagnetisation dynamics, the two being virtually inseparablefrom, and constantly reacting to each other. They are nowFabrication of nanopillars and electrical contacting333
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EUROPEANCOMMISSIONEuropeanResearch
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EUROPEAN COMMISSIONINSPIRING RESEAR
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Marie Curie Actions: Inspiring Rese
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ContentsIntroduction . . . . . . .
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WORLDWIDE RESEARCH . . . . . . . .
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within the best European research g
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Cross-border cooperation is the cor
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The Marie Curie programme seeks to
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AQUACHEMWater is life. It is key to
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ground for early-stage and experien
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CARBIOCarbon nanotubes are the epit
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e chemically modifi ed to further e
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CATALYSTS TOMOGRAPHY‘Everything b
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included a specimen holder inserted
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CRONUS-EUThe Earth is under attack:
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led to an unprecedented ability to
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HETEROLICSThe days of grainy graphi
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Other researchers from Ural State T
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HYDROGEN 1S-2SAccurate clocks are c
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more accurate. Such a clock could b
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RAPTOR ECOTOXFears over species los
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in Sicily, as well as rock climbers
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SMARTEverything about this material
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Development scheme as a chance to m
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SPATSTATHow can statistical analysi
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Hristopulos. There are two categori
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TRACKSResearch within the Tracks pr
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intellectual property issues and th
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Marie Curie Fellowships act as a sp
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The seeds of a budding career are p
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ARTEMISUnderstanding nature at its
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network institutes have allowed the
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BIOMEMA membrane is a layer of mate
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Mighty Mini-MBABut Biomem also step
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COMODEWhen consumers buy a new coff
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with computer-aided design (CAD) to
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COOPERATIVE BREEDINGCan our sibling
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mammals. Other analyses of cooperat
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CSIMHVALVESImagine being able to un
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could be used to describe how carti
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GLUESDr Markus Reichstein is a ‘r
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The carbon cycle begins with plants
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INTERDECHow an organism develops de
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The heart of the matterThe PhD Fell
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KAPROWThe theory of democratic peac
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necessary to stop it.’ If we are
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NASCENTAlthough nanotechnology deal
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The network focuses on the developm
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NEUROEMPATHYEver sense a chill runn
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Mapping empathySince the 1890s, it
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© stock.xchngOESTROGEN RECEPTORThe
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says Dr López-Béjar. Underlining
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PAPHOSIn 1870, Jules Verne wrote ab
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Minuscule communities under the sea
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PENELOPEPenelope, the wife of Ulyss
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Training and travelFor the Fellows,
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PUMPING UP THE HEARTMany researcher
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iochemical reactions take place in
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SEMEAIOutside the obvious green job
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suited to some companies than to ot
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Increasing our knowledge of the uni
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Everybody benefi ts from knowledge
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CABMarie Curie Fellows working unde
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The project achieved some major mil
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ENZYMATEnzymes are biomolecules tha
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eports. And the industry seems to s
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NUCSYSComplex organisms such as hum
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Integrating the ‘-omics’Nuclear
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TARGET-BREASTThe emotional turmoil
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diagnostics within an industrial en
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TEAMOHOLICAlthough it deals with an
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Dream teamAs its name suggests, Tea
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Women researchers have brought majo
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more likely to leave once they are
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AQUABASEToday, an increasingly comp
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‘With C14 isotopes, we can track
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DRUG-DISCOVERYDuring her two-year M
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chemically in various fashions. The
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EARA-ESTThe European Association fo
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‘Our programme is founded on the
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GLADNETAccurate data about the qual
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Working with industryIn addition to
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MIGRANT CHILDRENImmigration has bec
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Ireland possesses a category of mig
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NANBIOPTICOne of the most exciting
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Marie Curie support allowed me, amo
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NANOMATCHDeveloping new and more ef
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‘The ombudswoman is used quite fr
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Europe is increasingly retaining it
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well as the researcher’s scientif
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ADAPTUNPREDICTThe Marie Curie progr
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we understand the consequences bett
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© stock.xchngCSS-OMICSStress is a
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A key part of her research was to f
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ELSAQUINTANA-NCSCSFor Spanish pharm
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The cancer stem cell hypothesis pre
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EXNER_BORISOVMany modern devices an
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chips, for instance. ‘Of course,
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HIVOXFORDIn late 2006, five Bulgari
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that the accused medical personnel
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© stock.xchngMARINE MAGNETISMIsn
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aeolian dust. The second traces dus
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MODPAPThe Modpap project has delive
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According to Dr Macpherson, Dr Pill
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NANOSWITCHIt calls to mind a scene
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‘Throughout their journey, the na
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PIPKIGKOOne in every 700 babies bor
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focal adhesions of specifi c protei
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TARGETING PCD IN PDA Marie Curie gr
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the blood-brain barrier, the precur
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Science completely shapes the way w
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as labs and microscopes in order to
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BCRThe moon holds a strange fascina
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A new perspective on chronobiologyT
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© stock.xchngBIMORESolar energy is
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convert CO 2into a reduced carbon b
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CENS-CMAAs the Estonian coastline c
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The research visitors provided valu
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FLOODSVery few of us now question t
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The hunting ground for this preciou
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NANOMAG-LABThese days, the average
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What is more, Nanomag-Lab fostered
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NEPHILID SPIDERSSlovenian scientist
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One simple strategy involves the ma
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© stock.xchngWISEThe 32 countries
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and-tested methodology also include
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The quest for knowledge is a univer
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Global partnershipsBy opening up Eu
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ATTACCOnly one in a million is affe
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nutrients and ensures blood supply
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BIOSEBOut in the middle of nowhere,
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free discussion evenings, and staff
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CAUSE KIDNEY DAMAGEA potentially de
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might contribute to the effect. ‘
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CAVEOLINSEvery breath becomes a whe
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‘Our research revealed that the c
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EPISCONThe conservation and preserv
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able to follow whatever course my c
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© stock.xchngPARSEMUnder the Marie
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The research objectives of Parsem w
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NEURAL CIRCUITBlind mice can now se
Page 284 and 285: An international effortRecognising
Page 286 and 287: Being able to simultaneously build
Page 288 and 289: A number of initiatives can be impl
Page 290 and 291: EURYTHRONYoung researchers working
Page 292 and 293: Flexible work environmentThe resear
Page 294 and 295: INNATE IMMUNITYThe Innate Immunity
Page 296 and 297: more cytokines. Normally, this feed
Page 298 and 299: NLRS IN IMMUNITYMore than a million
Page 300 and 301: organisms and to shed light on the
Page 302 and 303: ZSN-PHD PROGRAMMEIt takes talent, t
Page 304 and 305: eview.’ The ZSN has also encourag
Page 306 and 307: The Marie Curie Actions are founded
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Page 311 and 312: On soft groundWhen faced with groun
Page 313 and 314: shared through annual workshops, in
Page 315 and 316: And the Oscar goesto...When your ci
Page 317 and 318: this, the software can take charact
Page 319 and 320: Recreating the earlyuniverseParticl
Page 321 and 322: Imagination equals discoveryDr Mast
Page 323 and 324: Rock-solid researchinto shaky groun
Page 325 and 326: existing ones with international sc
Page 327 and 328: Wireless wisdomComputer networks ha
Page 329 and 330: he recently received a Young Invest
Page 331 and 332: It’s elementary:of quarks, lepton
Page 333: A real career boostAdding into the
Page 337 and 338: The armamentarium for new researchT
Page 339 and 340: Putting an endto cluster bombtraged
Page 341 and 342: elations, law and politics from the
Page 343 and 344: Inspiring changein the wider resear
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Page 347 and 348: Good vibrationsThe Marie Curie Acti
Page 349 and 350: to signifi cantly change the way Ph
Page 351 and 352: MuTra: a labour of loveWhile the ge
Page 353: sites in Berlin, Munich, Zürich, S
Page 356: The Marie Curie Actions are widely
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Marie Curie Actions: Inspiring Researchers - Imdea

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