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ABSTRACTION MECHANISMS OF BETAFerdinand Mácha 1 , František Huňka 21 E-mail: F.Macha@seznam.cz2 Institute for Research and Applications of Fuzzy Modeling,30. dubna 22, Ostrava 1, Czech RepublicE-mail: Frantisek.Hunka@osu.czKEYWORDSBeta programming language, abstraction, pattern,reusability, software development.ABSTRACTAs the software users are harder and harder to pleasein the progressing time, the needs for new developinglanguages and techniques are rising up. In this paper itwill be discussed a relatively unknown programminglanguage Beta, it's object-oriented characteristics, theabstraction mechanisms of the Beta and utilization of thepresented mechanisms to simulating modelsconstructions.SOFTWARE DESIGNThe software building nowadays is similar to buildinga brick-box model. The software designers have tochoose from a variety of bricks (API functions, libraryfunctions, components, etc.) and their task is to put themtogether implementing an application.Many times, there is a need to re-implement somealgorithmic element repeatedly. One can use many waysto achieve the desired functionality. Most efficientamong them is so-called object oriented paradigm.There are many products on the software market, thathave similar functionality and yet they are completelydifferent. Mainly it is because the programmers do notshare their functionality implementation.However, even with such sharing the variability isvery high. For example media players. They have somesame bugs, as the side effect of sharing the decoding orencoding routines and many different ones becauseimplementing the same things differently.THE IMPLEMENTATION SHARINGHowever, the term “sharing the implementation” israther abstract. There are a few levels how to do so.• Using the media players example, it could be observedan implementation sharing on a primitive level - withthe use of the common de/encoding routines. Moregenerally it is using common library functions invarious projects;• Another way for sharing is copy & paste of the codeso it can be reused;• Concerning the implementation speed by softwareproject evolution (that is, how fast is a programmerable to modify the software and apply a new knowhow),the most efficient kind of implementationsharing is of course the class inheritance. It doesn'tsuffer from the negatives of the previous two. Withthe common library routines there is no specifiedconcept how to use the routines. So if somebody hasdeveloped an optimised use of a routine, theoptimisation is not applied in another project. Andwith the copy & paste method there is no efficientmeans for updating the error correction.However if the designer's choose is to build asoftware on an object oriented basis there are again a fewways how to achieve the desired product functionality.The fastest way from a design to an implementation isto reuse prepared classes and extend their functionality.Let's assume there are some classes available to reuse.Let's inherit a super class CSup and create our own classCChild that will have all capabilities and features ofCSup. Most likely, there will be a need to modify someof the features of the CSup class with a newimplementation in our CChild class:• If a feature is a non-virtual method, the onlypossibility how to change the method behaviour is touse the selected programming language's methodhiding mechanism. Of course this is a poor qualitysoftware design, mostly not applicable due to theprogramming language;• Virtual methods are the best for a super classesbehaviour modification. One kind of modification iscompletely overriding the method's implementationand set a new one. However it is clear that all effortput into the previous implementation is now lost. ThisAnnual Proceedings of Vidzeme University College “ICTE in Regional Development”, 2006120
could be bad particularly when overriding anoptimised problem solution;• A few programming languages are supportingextension of the method's implementation. With that,the super class's method could be still invoked withthe old behaviour before or after the new behaviour isused.Practical usage of method extensions could beobserved with creation of a visual componentVirtualTreeView that should paint on the screen acomplex tree structure with general data in each treenode * .Now let the first application use it with customizedpainting where every node with data of a particular typeis painted green. And another application (the firstapplication extension) wants to paint nodes as the firstapplication and nodes which meet another particularcriteria should be painted red. A whole lot of work issaved when using extending virtual methods instead ofoverriding virtual methods.THE BETA PROGRAMMING LANGUAGEQuoting the Object-oriented programming in theBeta: “BETA is a modern language in the Simulatradition. It supports the object-oriented perspective onprogramming and contains comprehensive facilities forprocedural and functional programming.Research is going on with the aim of includingconstraint-oriented constructs.BETA replaces classes, procedures, functions, andtypes by a single abstraction mechanism called thepattern. It generalizes virtual procedures to virtualpatterns, streamlines linguistic notions such as nestingand block structure, and provides a unified framework forsequential, coroutine and concurrent execution.The resulting language is smaller than Simula in spiteof being considerably more expressive.”The basic syntax rules of Beta consist of an objectdescriptor(# ... #)where ellipsis reference to an object body. The name andthe object body then specify the pattern:CPattern: (# ... #)* Actually this is a Delphi component called the VirtualTreeView, see http://www.delphigems.com/VirtualTreeview/VT.phpThe object-descriptor is now describing what arecapabilities of the pattern's instances. Inside the objectdescriptormay or may not be an enter part, a do part oran exit part.In the enter part are coming the values from outsidethe pattern instance and pattern's attributes specified hereare set to these values. The do part is executed wheninvoking a pattern's instance. The exit part is denotingthe pattern's output values.A pattern can be declared as virtual by using :
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ISBN 9984-633-03-9Annual Proceeding
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“Development of Creative Human -
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TABLE OF CONTENTSINTELLIGENT SYSTEM
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INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR LEARNERS’
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LEARNER 1GROUP OF HUMAN AGENTSLEARN
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QuantityQuantityFigure 6. Distribut
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LEARNERStructure of theconcept mapL
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WEB-BASED INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYST
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materials to be presented and which
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND E-LEAR
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correspondence with the course aim
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projects and through IT. Hence, it
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APPLICATION OF MODELING METHODS IN
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can support configuration managemen
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The EKD is one of the Enterprise mo
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CHANGES TO TRAINING AND PERSPECTIVE
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or an end, yet none of these attitu
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make decisions. It cannot be volunt
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logs), data and video conferencing
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Ability to follow user’s multi-ta
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CONCLUSIONSEDUSA method gives us a
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in successful SD. Given this situat
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SPATIAL INFORMATIONFor the visualis
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MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES USE IN SERVICES
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learning environment (Learning Mana
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ago only some curricula on Logistic
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The Web-based version can be access
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Web-portal, which incorporates diff
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DO INTELLIGENT OBJECTS AUTOMATICALL
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Table 1. Examples for introducing R
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workable influencing of the process
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are handed over to the objects and
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• Basic processes, such as wareho
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THE ECR E-COACH: A VIRTUAL COACHING
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participating in the workshops and
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• Assessment modules enable indiv
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with pictures and illustrated graph
Page 75 and 76: ECR Question Banknumber category su
Page 77 and 78: educational programme that follows
Page 79 and 80: DEVELOPMENT OF WEB BASED GRAVITY MO
Page 81 and 82: These results of a model require a
Page 83 and 84: CONCLUSIONSThe main goal of work ha
Page 85 and 86: dimension and included within any o
Page 87 and 88: • Resources sharing by providing
Page 89 and 90: Pursuant to the guidelines of elect
Page 91 and 92: tariffs of regulated services have
Page 93 and 94: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR MOTIVATI
Page 95 and 96: difficult to predict when and for w
Page 97 and 98: Listeners' workon the WebListenersS
Page 99 and 100: PERSPECTIVES OF WEB PAGE AND E-MAIL
Page 101 and 102: INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF INTERNETU
Page 103 and 104: tourism accommodations (home pages
Page 105 and 106: interactive relationships with clie
Page 107 and 108: • The data obtained by the resear
Page 109 and 110: Central Statistical Bureau of Latvi
Page 111 and 112: departures for 1995 are taken from
Page 113 and 114: 120100maximumworldminimum806040200-
Page 115 and 116: 140120maximumworldminimum1008060402
Page 117 and 118: would be a promising extension. Cur
Page 119 and 120: AN OVERVIEW OF THE AGENT − BASED
Page 121 and 122: Suitability for social system simul
Page 123 and 124: 6. MASONDescription:MASON is a fast
Page 125: Suitability for social system simul
Page 129 and 130: (for 10 repeat &| CCar[]->runfor);P
Page 131 and 132: • Streaming audio• Collaboratio
Page 133 and 134: NECESSITY OF NEW LAYERED APPROACH T
Page 135 and 136: Up to now, there has only been limi
Page 137 and 138: aaaaa6= −aa2,1 = − a0,3226= −
Page 139 and 140: ∂ u∂x∂ u∂y2 2+ b = 02 2wher
Page 141 and 142: a6,3= −2030a4,5−130a4,3- - - -
Page 143 and 144: 0,10,20,30,4( )Mag x y y Ge wx2, =
Page 145 and 146: Example 1. To understand better the
Page 147 and 148: Therefore, further the following co
Page 149 and 150: SOLUTION OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONALEQ
Page 151 and 152: Mag1, m , m , m1 2 3= mm1 m2m32 2 2
Page 153 and 154: MagMag0, m , m , m1 2 31, m , m , m
Page 155: CONCLUSIONSThe basic content of thi
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