Other directions concern ref<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g of feedback,which the system offers to the teacher and the learner,improvements of the user <strong>in</strong>terface of the system andsolv<strong>in</strong>g of several technical questions.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTAuthors would like to thank professor Anita Lankaand M.sc.<strong>in</strong>g. G<strong>in</strong>ta Stale for their valuable advices onprocess oriented learn<strong>in</strong>g and usage of concept maps,respectively. Authors express gratitude to masterstudents Dmitriy Pozdnyakov and Egons Lavendeliswhose high level programm<strong>in</strong>g skills help toimplement the proposed system <strong>in</strong>to a work<strong>in</strong>gprototype.This work has been partly supported by theEuropean Social Fund with<strong>in</strong> the National Programme“Support for the carry<strong>in</strong>g out doctoral study program’s,post-doctoral researches” project “Support for thedevelopment of doctoral studies at Riga TechnicalUniversity” and EC Leonardo da V<strong>in</strong>ci programmeSocSimNet project LV/04/B/F/PP-172.00.The ma<strong>in</strong> results are outcomes of the researchproject F6962 “Intelligent system for the effectivenessanalysis support of process-oriented learn<strong>in</strong>g”.REFERENCESAnoh<strong>in</strong>a, A., Stale, G., Pozdnyakov, D. 2006.Intelligent System for Student Knowledge Assessment.Scientific <strong>Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs</strong> of Riga Technical University,5th series, Computer Science, Applied Computer<strong>Systems</strong>, Riga (2006, to appear)Croasdell, D.T., Freeman, L.A., Urbaczewski, A. 2003.Concept Maps for Teach<strong>in</strong>g and Assessment.Communications of the Association for In<strong>format</strong>ion<strong>Systems</strong>, Vol. 12 (2003) 396-405Anoh<strong>in</strong>a, A., Grundspenkis, J. 2006. Prototype ofMultiagent Based Knowledge Assessment System forSupport of Process Oriented Learn<strong>in</strong>g (submitted forthe publication <strong>in</strong> the <strong>Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs</strong> of the SeventhInternational Baltic Conference on Databases andIn<strong>format</strong>ion <strong>Systems</strong>, 2006, July 3-6, Vilnius,Lithuania)Grun<strong>in</strong>ger, M., Fox, M.S. 1995. Methodology for theDesign and Evaluation of Ontologies. <strong>Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs</strong> ofIJCAI’95 Workshop on Basic Ontological Issues <strong>in</strong>Knowledge Shar<strong>in</strong>g, 1995Jong, B.S., L<strong>in</strong>, T.W., Wu, Y.L., Chan, T. 2004.Diagnostic and remedial learn<strong>in</strong>g strategy based onconceptual graphs. Journal of Computer AssistedLearn<strong>in</strong>g, Vol. 20 (2004) 377-386BIOGRAPHYAlla Anoh<strong>in</strong>a is an assistant at the Department ofSystem Theory and Design of Riga TechnicalUniversity. She got M.Sc.<strong>in</strong>g. <strong>in</strong> 2002 from RigaTechnical University and received Werner vonSiemens Excellence Award, Award of Latvian Fund ofEducation and Award and memorial medal of LatvianAcademy of Sciences, Lattelekom Ltd. and LatvianFund of Education for the best master's thesis <strong>in</strong> year2002. Now she is writ<strong>in</strong>g her Ph.D. thesis which ma<strong>in</strong>topics are <strong>in</strong>telligent tutor<strong>in</strong>g systems and agenttechnology. She has five years' experience of teach<strong>in</strong>g<strong>in</strong> the field of computer science both <strong>in</strong> Riga TechnicalUniversity, and <strong>in</strong> other educational <strong>in</strong>stitutions ofLatvia.Vita Graud<strong>in</strong>a is an assistant at the Department ofSystem Theory and Design of Riga TechnicalUniversity. She is graduated with excellence from RigaTechnical University <strong>in</strong> 2005 and received Award ofLatvian Fund of Education for the best master's thesis<strong>in</strong> year 2005. Now she is PhD student at RigaTechnical University. The topic of her thesis is theusage of ontologies <strong>in</strong> different <strong>in</strong>telligent, <strong>in</strong><strong>format</strong>ion,knowledge-based and tutor<strong>in</strong>g systems.Janis Grundspenkis is a professor at Riga TechnicalUniversity. He is the director of the Institute of AppliedComputed <strong>Systems</strong>, and the head of the Department of<strong>Systems</strong> Theory and Design. He got Dr.sc.<strong>in</strong>g. <strong>in</strong> 1972,Dr.habil.sc.<strong>in</strong>g. <strong>in</strong> 1993 both from Riga TechnicalUniversity. His research <strong>in</strong>terests are agenttechnologies, knowledge eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g and management,and structural modell<strong>in</strong>g. He is a member of Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Eng<strong>in</strong>eers (IEEE) andAssociation for Comput<strong>in</strong>g Mach<strong>in</strong>ery (ACM). He is afull member of Latvia Academy of Science.Annual <strong>Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs</strong> of Vidzeme University College “ICTE <strong>in</strong> Regional Development”, 20068
WEB-BASED INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEMS FOR COLLABORATIVE LEARNINGTatjana Rikure 1 , Leonids Novickis 21, 2 Riga Technical University,1, Kalku Street, Riga LV-1658, Latvia1 E-mail: rikure@cs.rtu.lv2 E-mail: idc@balva.lvKEYWORDSIntelligent tutor<strong>in</strong>g systems (ITS), collaborativelearn<strong>in</strong>g, web-based ITS, adaptive user <strong>in</strong>terfaceABSTRACTCollaborative learn<strong>in</strong>g can enhance efficiency of<strong>in</strong>telligent tutor<strong>in</strong>g systems, while web-basedenvironment adds flexibility. Some promis<strong>in</strong>g issues <strong>in</strong>this perspective have been addressed <strong>in</strong> this paper.INTRODUCTIONThe concept, known as Intelligent Tutor<strong>in</strong>g <strong>Systems</strong>(ITS) or Intelligent Computer-Aided Instruction (ICAI),has been pursued for more than three decades byresearchers <strong>in</strong> education, psychology, and artificial<strong>in</strong>telligence. Today, prototype and operational ITSsystems provide practice-based <strong>in</strong>struction to supportcorporate tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g, school, college and higher education,as well as other k<strong>in</strong>ds of tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>gs.The goal of ITS is to provide the benefits of one-onone<strong>in</strong>struction automatically and cost effectively. Liketra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g simulations, ITS enables participants to practicetheir skills by carry<strong>in</strong>g out tasks with<strong>in</strong> highly <strong>in</strong>teractivelearn<strong>in</strong>g environments. However, ITS goes beyondtra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g simulations by answer<strong>in</strong>g user questions andprovid<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>dividualized guidance. Unlike othercomputer-based tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g technologies, ITS systemsassess each learner's actions with<strong>in</strong> these <strong>in</strong>teractiveenvironments and develop a model of their knowledge,skills, and expertise. Based on the learner model, ITSstailor <strong>in</strong>structional strategies, <strong>in</strong> terms of both the contentand style, and provide explanations, h<strong>in</strong>ts, examples,demonstrations, and practice problems as needed.RTU EXPERIENCEResearch activities <strong>in</strong> the field of us<strong>in</strong>g computers <strong>in</strong>education, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g ITSs and artificial <strong>in</strong>telligence (AI),have been held at Riga Technical University (RTU) s<strong>in</strong>cethe late 1980s (Методы и средства кибернетики вуправлении учебным процессом высшей школы 1989and Зайцева et.al. 1989). Latest advances <strong>in</strong> the fieldconsider the advantages and future perspectives of theuse of agents <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>telligent tutor<strong>in</strong>g systems(Grundspenkis 2005; Grundspenkis and Anoh<strong>in</strong>a 2005),methods of students’ knowledge level estimation(Prokofjeva 2005), development of onl<strong>in</strong>e electronictextbooks (Zaitseva and Popko 2005), mobile learn<strong>in</strong>g(Rikure et. al. 2005) and others.COLLABORATIVE LEARNINGA lot of current research and development efforts <strong>in</strong>the doma<strong>in</strong> of ITSs is focused on ITSs for collaborativelearn<strong>in</strong>g, on us<strong>in</strong>g Internet and WWW technology <strong>in</strong>order to provide comfortable, user-oriented, distributedlearn<strong>in</strong>g and teach<strong>in</strong>g facilities, and on employ<strong>in</strong>g<strong>in</strong>telligent agents to play important teach<strong>in</strong>g and learn<strong>in</strong>groles <strong>in</strong> ITSs.Despite all the recent activity, models for how peopleteach and learn onl<strong>in</strong>e are still not well def<strong>in</strong>ed. A newapproach could take care of the long-stand<strong>in</strong>g e-learn<strong>in</strong>gproblem: low enrolments and high attrition ratesstemm<strong>in</strong>g from user dissatisfaction. The possible causeof this problem is the separation of people <strong>in</strong> time andspace, but it can be overcome by build<strong>in</strong>g environmentswhere people talk to one another, build relationships, andteach one another.While there is no simple answer, there is one key ideathat has been overlooked <strong>in</strong> the design andimplementation of many of the e-learn<strong>in</strong>g programs onthe market today: learn<strong>in</strong>g is fundamentally both socialand experiential. From this po<strong>in</strong>t of view the mostimportant is the context of the learn<strong>in</strong>g – all of theelements that comprise the experience around thecontent.The emphasis of most e-learn<strong>in</strong>g programs nowadayshas been on the accumulation, organization, and deliveryof content. With all of the <strong>in</strong><strong>format</strong>ion now available onthe Web, it is possible to f<strong>in</strong>d good content on just aboutany subject.There was a survey among the university students,which approved that even when work<strong>in</strong>g with the bestprofessors at university, students have told that theyvalue their <strong>in</strong>teraction with one another as much as theyvalue the content be<strong>in</strong>g delivered by their professors.Annual <strong>Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs</strong> of Vidzeme University College “ICTE <strong>in</strong> Regional Development”, 20069
- Page 1 and 2: ISBN 9984-633-03-9Annual Proceeding
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• Basic processes, such as wareho
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THE ECR E-COACH: A VIRTUAL COACHING
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participating in the workshops and
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• Assessment modules enable indiv
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with pictures and illustrated graph
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ECR Question Banknumber category su
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educational programme that follows
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DEVELOPMENT OF WEB BASED GRAVITY MO
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These results of a model require a
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CONCLUSIONSThe main goal of work ha
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dimension and included within any o
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• Resources sharing by providing
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Pursuant to the guidelines of elect
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tariffs of regulated services have
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR MOTIVATI
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difficult to predict when and for w
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Listeners' workon the WebListenersS
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PERSPECTIVES OF WEB PAGE AND E-MAIL
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INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF INTERNETU
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tourism accommodations (home pages
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interactive relationships with clie
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• The data obtained by the resear
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Central Statistical Bureau of Latvi
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departures for 1995 are taken from
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120100maximumworldminimum806040200-
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140120maximumworldminimum1008060402
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would be a promising extension. Cur
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AN OVERVIEW OF THE AGENT − BASED
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Suitability for social system simul
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6. MASONDescription:MASON is a fast
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Suitability for social system simul
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could be bad particularly when over
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(for 10 repeat &| CCar[]->runfor);P
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• Streaming audio• Collaboratio
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NECESSITY OF NEW LAYERED APPROACH T
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Up to now, there has only been limi
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aaaaa6= −aa2,1 = − a0,3226= −
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∂ u∂x∂ u∂y2 2+ b = 02 2wher
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a6,3= −2030a4,5−130a4,3- - - -
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0,10,20,30,4( )Mag x y y Ge wx2, =
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Example 1. To understand better the
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Therefore, further the following co
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SOLUTION OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONALEQ
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Mag1, m , m , m1 2 3= mm1 m2m32 2 2
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MagMag0, m , m , m1 2 31, m , m , m
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CONCLUSIONSThe basic content of thi