Cycle : (# do Loop: INNER Cycle;restart Loop; :Loop #);A Loop labelled imperative will execute thedescendant's imperatives and then re-run the Loop.A descendant of Cycle could make sure the loop doesnot last forever:TermCycle : Cycle (#Term<strong>in</strong>ate : (# exit TRUE #);InnerAction : (# .. #);doInnerAction;(if Term<strong>in</strong>ate then leave TermCycleif);#);A TermCycle <strong>in</strong>stance will first call the do part ofCycle and after INNER is reached the do part ofTermCycle is activated. After the InnerAction is f<strong>in</strong>ished,Term<strong>in</strong>ate function is asked whether a condition forleav<strong>in</strong>g the loop is matched. If it is, the TermCycle haspassed so the Loop <strong>in</strong> the Cycle super pattern will not berestarted.In this case only a little or no work is saved forprogrammers if they use the Cycle pattern. Its advantageis however well arranged and unified approach to cycl<strong>in</strong>gthrough various structures without the need of know<strong>in</strong>gthe details about what is done <strong>in</strong> the loop and what areterm<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g conditions.THE BETASIM FRAMEWORKThere is no support for build<strong>in</strong>g simulat<strong>in</strong>g models <strong>in</strong>the Beta. But it is support<strong>in</strong>g corout<strong>in</strong>es with its quasiparallelsystem.The corout<strong>in</strong>es <strong>in</strong> the Beta are active objects, whichexecute their task and then may suspend. The suspensiondoes mean that the current corout<strong>in</strong>e is pass<strong>in</strong>g theapplication resources to another liv<strong>in</strong>g corout<strong>in</strong>e and thenext corout<strong>in</strong>e is then attached to the program executionstack. When there is no other active corout<strong>in</strong>e wait<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>the queue the application will term<strong>in</strong>ate. There is nosupport for suspension of a concrete corout<strong>in</strong>e whereas aconcrete corout<strong>in</strong>e may be attached.The BetaSim framework is an abstract layer, whichbr<strong>in</strong>gs the comfort of the Simula programm<strong>in</strong>g languageto simulation models build<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the Beta. Thecorout<strong>in</strong>e's <strong>in</strong>terface is enhanced us<strong>in</strong>g a new basic classthat has to have the <strong>in</strong>terface of the process <strong>in</strong> Simula. Itdoes allow to be passivated, cancelled or put <strong>in</strong>to await<strong>in</strong>g state.When the new class supports the “suspension fromoutside”, so a corout<strong>in</strong>e A can send a message to suspendcorout<strong>in</strong>e B, it has then to support schedul<strong>in</strong>g to behavelike <strong>in</strong> Simula. So methods like runAt, runBefore,runAfter have to be added to the framework somehow.A few other Simula capabilities are then added likedistribution functions for random numbers generat<strong>in</strong>g orma<strong>in</strong> process, current process, nextEv process, or lists ofprocesses to the framework to be completely ready forthe use.Of course the BetaSim build process is done alreadyso the programmer users don't have to do the corout<strong>in</strong>esynchronisation and related implementation issuesthemselves and can build a discrete simulation model <strong>in</strong> aquite comfort manner:BetaSIM (#Loader: @|Entity(# ... doL: cycle (# ... #);PASSIVATE#)Discharger: @|Entity(# ... doL: cycle (# ... #);PASSIVATE#)CCar : Entity(#Distance, Velocity, Load<strong>in</strong>gTime,Unload<strong>in</strong>gTime: @<strong>in</strong>teger;Init::< (# ... #)doL: cycle (# doLoad<strong>in</strong>gQueue.<strong>in</strong>to;(if Loader.getIdle thenLoader[]->run if);PASSIVATE;(Distance / Velocity)->HOLD;Discharg<strong>in</strong>gQueue.<strong>in</strong>to;(if Discharger.getIdle thenDischarger[]->run if);PASSIVATE;(Distance / Velocity)->HOLD#)#)Load<strong>in</strong>gQueue: @WaitQueue (# #);Discharg<strong>in</strong>gQueue: @WaitQueue (# #);doAnnual <strong>Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs</strong> of Vidzeme University College “ICTE <strong>in</strong> Regional Development”, 2006122
(for 10 repeat &| CCar[]->runfor);PASSIVATE;'The total simulation time: '->puttext;gettime->putreal;#)In this simple model, there are first constructed 10CCar processes and they become activated. The cars arecom<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to a load<strong>in</strong>g queue at the Loader, and then theLoader is woken up to handle the queue.After a car is loaded, it is woken up to hold so muchtime as is needed to get to a dest<strong>in</strong>ation. Then thedischarger is woken up to unload the car.As it can be seen, no corout<strong>in</strong>es synchronization isneeded to be rewritten s<strong>in</strong>ce the process class Entity isextended to meet these particular model requirements.While the BetaSim framework is cca. 1000 l<strong>in</strong>es ofcode huge, the programmer who is actually build<strong>in</strong>g thesimulation model is just asked to extend a few patternsthus sav<strong>in</strong>g a considerable amount of work.CONCLUSIONSWhen implement<strong>in</strong>g an application it is worth to reusean already prepared framework. The little obstacle <strong>in</strong>do<strong>in</strong>g this nowadays is the lack of usable frameworks.Thus, it should be a priority whenever implement<strong>in</strong>g adesign to figure out whether a concrete solved problemcan be generalized and work on a general frameworkfirst. Such approach is tak<strong>in</strong>g more time to build anapplication at first but it is well pay<strong>in</strong>g off <strong>in</strong> the latertime.Osterbye, K., Kreutzer, W. 1999. Synchronizationabstraction <strong>in</strong> the BETA programm<strong>in</strong>g language. InComputer Languages 25, pp. 165-198Hunka, F. 2005. BetaSIM Extended Framework forDiscrete Event Simulation. Industrial SimulationConference 2005 ISC’05. IPK Berl<strong>in</strong>, pp. 158-161Hunka, F. 2005. Anticipation Models <strong>in</strong> BETA.Comput<strong>in</strong>g Anticipatory <strong>Systems</strong>. 7th Internationalconference Liege, Belgium.BIOGRAPHYFerd<strong>in</strong>and Mácha is study<strong>in</strong>g for Ph.D. on theUniversity of Ostrava. He has graduated <strong>in</strong> 2004 fromthe University of Ostrava and holds the title MSc. Hisresearch fields <strong>in</strong>clude build<strong>in</strong>g general-purposeframeworks and structures and parallel(multithreaded) programm<strong>in</strong>g.František Huňka studied Cybernetics <strong>in</strong> Transportand Communication at the Zil<strong>in</strong>a University,Slovakia. He received Ph.D. <strong>in</strong> modell<strong>in</strong>g of watersupply systems. After graduation he worked as aresearcher with Institute for Automation andManagement <strong>in</strong> Industry <strong>in</strong> Ostrava for ten years.S<strong>in</strong>ce 1988 he has worked at University of Ostrava,Computer Science Department. Nowadays he worksas associate professor there. His ma<strong>in</strong> research<strong>in</strong>terests <strong>in</strong>clude object-oriented technologies<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g simulation and process-oriented approach.The Beta programm<strong>in</strong>g language is very well suitablefor creat<strong>in</strong>g or debugg<strong>in</strong>g abstract frameworks for itsobject-oriented characteristics and developmentenvironment.REFERENCESKreutzer, W., Osterbye, K. 1998. BetaSIM A frameworkfor discrete event model<strong>in</strong>g and simulation. In SimulationPractice and Theory 6. pp. 573-599Madsen, O. L., Moller-Pedersen, B., Nygaard, K. 1993.Object-Oriented Programm<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the BETAProgramm<strong>in</strong>g Language. Addison-Wesley,Annual <strong>Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs</strong> of Vidzeme University College “ICTE <strong>in</strong> Regional Development”, 2006123
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ISBN 9984-633-03-9Annual Proceeding
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“Development of Creative Human -
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TABLE OF CONTENTSINTELLIGENT SYSTEM
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INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR LEARNERS’
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LEARNER 1GROUP OF HUMAN AGENTSLEARN
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QuantityQuantityFigure 6. Distribut
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LEARNERStructure of theconcept mapL
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WEB-BASED INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYST
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materials to be presented and which
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND E-LEAR
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correspondence with the course aim
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projects and through IT. Hence, it
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APPLICATION OF MODELING METHODS IN
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can support configuration managemen
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The EKD is one of the Enterprise mo
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CHANGES TO TRAINING AND PERSPECTIVE
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or an end, yet none of these attitu
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make decisions. It cannot be volunt
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logs), data and video conferencing
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Ability to follow user’s multi-ta
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CONCLUSIONSEDUSA method gives us a
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in successful SD. Given this situat
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SPATIAL INFORMATIONFor the visualis
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MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES USE IN SERVICES
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learning environment (Learning Mana
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ago only some curricula on Logistic
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The Web-based version can be access
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Web-portal, which incorporates diff
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DO INTELLIGENT OBJECTS AUTOMATICALL
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Table 1. Examples for introducing R
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workable influencing of the process
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are handed over to the objects and
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• Basic processes, such as wareho
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THE ECR E-COACH: A VIRTUAL COACHING
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participating in the workshops and
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• Assessment modules enable indiv
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with pictures and illustrated graph
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ECR Question Banknumber category su
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- Page 81 and 82: These results of a model require a
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- Page 95 and 96: difficult to predict when and for w
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- Page 107 and 108: • The data obtained by the resear
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- Page 111 and 112: departures for 1995 are taken from
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- Page 117 and 118: would be a promising extension. Cur
- Page 119 and 120: AN OVERVIEW OF THE AGENT − BASED
- Page 121 and 122: Suitability for social system simul
- Page 123 and 124: 6. MASONDescription:MASON is a fast
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- Page 135 and 136: Up to now, there has only been limi
- Page 137 and 138: aaaaa6= −aa2,1 = − a0,3226= −
- Page 139 and 140: ∂ u∂x∂ u∂y2 2+ b = 02 2wher
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- Page 143 and 144: 0,10,20,30,4( )Mag x y y Ge wx2, =
- Page 145 and 146: Example 1. To understand better the
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