Figure 4. Public Management Input – Output model (Vanags and Vilka 2005).• Mission – to promote development of serviceproviders <strong>in</strong> the telecommunications <strong>in</strong>dustry, bypromot<strong>in</strong>g competition and protect<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>terests ofservice users.• Objectives – to ensure possibility to receiveun<strong>in</strong>terrupted, safe and qualitativetelecommunication services the tariffs (prices) ofwhich comply with economically reasonableexpenses.• Input:o Activity of the PUC is f<strong>in</strong>anced from <strong>in</strong>comereceived by collect<strong>in</strong>g state fee for regulation ofpublic services, which is fixed <strong>in</strong> the amount of0.2% from previous year’s net turnover of thecompany perform<strong>in</strong>g activities <strong>in</strong> the regulatedsector. In 2004 fund<strong>in</strong>g of PUC was 1,545,357LVL out of which 1, 337,180 LVL werereceived from pay-services and other own<strong>in</strong>come while 208,177 LVL were foreignf<strong>in</strong>ancial aid Phare 2002. When compared with2003, the <strong>in</strong>come has <strong>in</strong>creased by 28%;o Labour force resource has been constantly<strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g through years of activity and <strong>in</strong> 2004it consisted of 83 employees that is by 5employees more than dur<strong>in</strong>g the previous year.o Activity – functions def<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> “Law onRegulators of Public Services” and „ElectronicCommunications Law”.• Output 1 :o Pursuant to data of the Central StatisticalBureau, 16% of goods and services <strong>in</strong> theconsumer price <strong>in</strong>dex basket are services withregulated price, thus the tariffs of these servicesmay significantly <strong>in</strong>fluence the annual <strong>in</strong>flationrate;o In year 2004 total <strong>in</strong>crease of nom<strong>in</strong>al prices forregulated services was 5.4% that is less than the<strong>in</strong>crease for the price level <strong>in</strong> total. This <strong>in</strong>creasema<strong>in</strong>ly can be expla<strong>in</strong>ed by price <strong>in</strong>crease forfuel due to <strong>in</strong>creased oil price. While <strong>in</strong> 2003the nom<strong>in</strong>al prices of regulated services have<strong>in</strong>creased by 5.3% which <strong>in</strong>dicates that price<strong>in</strong>crease of regulated services <strong>in</strong> 2004 whencompared with previous period was by 0.1%more rapid.• Outcomes: PUC activity <strong>in</strong>dicators are characterisedby performance of competition promotion criteria.o Reduced price of services:→ Total price of regulated services has<strong>in</strong>creased by 5.4% <strong>in</strong> nom<strong>in</strong>al prices, yet,tak<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to account yearly average <strong>in</strong>flation<strong>in</strong> the amount of 6.4%, <strong>in</strong> real prices the1 S<strong>in</strong>ce until February 20, 2006 only PUC Annualreport for 2004 was available for public, analysis doesnot <strong>in</strong>clude <strong>in</strong>dicators about the year 2005.Annual <strong>Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs</strong> of Vidzeme University College “ICTE <strong>in</strong> Regional Development”, 200684
tariffs of regulated services have decreasedby approximately 0.9%;→ Average <strong>in</strong>flation <strong>in</strong> 2003 was 2.9%;therefore, as a result the real prices ofregulated services <strong>in</strong>creased by 2.3%.o Option for clients to choose service providers:→→Start<strong>in</strong>g from 2003 both fixed and mobilecommunications are offered by more thanone operator; this fact provides for clientsopportunity to choose between severaloperators;As of December 2005 customers have anopportunity to change the provider oftelecommunication services, by reta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>gtheir telephone number; this createsconsiderable decrease of expenses forchange of an operator.o Summary of the number of competitive serviceproviders and their market share:→ Until the end of 2004 operational licenceswere granted to approximately 300electronic communications companies, 89of which performed their activities <strong>in</strong> thesector of domestic voice telephony services,<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g 2 GSM and 2 UMTS licences;→ In 2004 market share of both mobilenetwork operators were estimated asapproximately equal, consequently none ofthem has disproportionate predom<strong>in</strong>ance <strong>in</strong>the <strong>in</strong>dustry.o New market players:→→In 2003 prepayment card Amigo offered byservice provider ZetCom becamerecognizable <strong>in</strong> the market;In 2004 operator Triatel act<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> CDMAsystem started its operations by us<strong>in</strong>g itsoperational licence that had been receivedprevious year.• Impact <strong>in</strong>dicators (level of mission implementation):o At the beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g of year 2004, to adjust<strong>in</strong>terconnection tariff calculation procedure forcalls to another public fixed telecommunicationsnetworks, amendments were made tomethodology of Telecommunications servicestariffs calculation. Pursuant to procedureprovided <strong>in</strong> these amendments, dur<strong>in</strong>g year2004 the Committee approved 10 tariff projectsfor calls from fixed telecommunicationsoperator’s Lattelekom network to 19 otherpublic fixed telecommunications networks;o In year 2004 reports were received fromoperators of essential <strong>in</strong>fluence about theexpenses of provided services <strong>in</strong> 2003, whichwas the first time when detailed <strong>in</strong><strong>format</strong>ionwere made public about expenses of providedtelecommunications services.Author’s study proves that PUC mission isimplemented by promot<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong><strong>format</strong>ion publicity <strong>in</strong>telecommunications <strong>in</strong>dustry, by develop<strong>in</strong>g tariffcalculation methodology, thus facilitat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>troduction ofnew market players and decrease of actual prices.CONCLUSIONSWhen analyz<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>fluence of market regulationprocesses on electronic communications, andspecifically, mobile telecommunications <strong>in</strong>dustry, theauthor concludes that there exist contradiction betweeneconomic <strong>in</strong>terpretation of competition and bus<strong>in</strong>ess<strong>in</strong>terpretation view<strong>in</strong>g competition as rivalry and<strong>in</strong>terpretation by the European Union <strong>in</strong>stitutions view<strong>in</strong>gcompetition as an adm<strong>in</strong>istratively and legally adjustableprocess.Author’s study proves that ex-ante pr<strong>in</strong>cipleproclaimed by the European Union is not fully obeyed <strong>in</strong>practice, s<strong>in</strong>ce be<strong>in</strong>g this pr<strong>in</strong>ciple obeyed, all regulatoryadm<strong>in</strong>istrative activities should be performed prior toessential changes <strong>in</strong> the market, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g issu<strong>in</strong>g oflicences and general permits to new operators, thusexclud<strong>in</strong>g lobby<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>terests of s<strong>in</strong>gle stakeholders at theregulatory body.Regulatory processes are symmetrical <strong>in</strong> case they<strong>in</strong>fluence all market participants similarly orasymmetrical <strong>in</strong> case they <strong>in</strong>fluence some of marketparticipants negatively, reduc<strong>in</strong>g their competitiveness,while others – positively, <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g theircompetitiveness. It is the author’s op<strong>in</strong>ion that apply<strong>in</strong>gasymmetrical regulation causes risks that can essentially<strong>in</strong>fluence development of national economy and create asituation when only relatively <strong>in</strong>expensive yet lowquality and primitive mobile telecommunicationsservices are accessible <strong>in</strong> the country, simultaneouslydeteriorat<strong>in</strong>g social, demographic and economicsituation.Unlike economic <strong>in</strong>terpretation of healthy competitionthat provides opportunity for customers to choose serviceAnnual <strong>Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs</strong> of Vidzeme University College “ICTE <strong>in</strong> Regional Development”, 200685
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ISBN 9984-633-03-9Annual Proceeding
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“Development of Creative Human -
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TABLE OF CONTENTSINTELLIGENT SYSTEM
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INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR LEARNERS’
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LEARNER 1GROUP OF HUMAN AGENTSLEARN
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QuantityQuantityFigure 6. Distribut
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LEARNERStructure of theconcept mapL
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WEB-BASED INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYST
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materials to be presented and which
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND E-LEAR
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correspondence with the course aim
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projects and through IT. Hence, it
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APPLICATION OF MODELING METHODS IN
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can support configuration managemen
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The EKD is one of the Enterprise mo
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CHANGES TO TRAINING AND PERSPECTIVE
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or an end, yet none of these attitu
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make decisions. It cannot be volunt
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logs), data and video conferencing
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- Page 45 and 46: SPATIAL INFORMATIONFor the visualis
- Page 47 and 48: MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES USE IN SERVICES
- Page 49 and 50: learning environment (Learning Mana
- Page 51 and 52: ago only some curricula on Logistic
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- Page 55 and 56: Web-portal, which incorporates diff
- Page 57 and 58: DO INTELLIGENT OBJECTS AUTOMATICALL
- Page 59 and 60: Table 1. Examples for introducing R
- Page 61 and 62: workable influencing of the process
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- Page 65 and 66: • Basic processes, such as wareho
- Page 67 and 68: THE ECR E-COACH: A VIRTUAL COACHING
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- Page 75 and 76: ECR Question Banknumber category su
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- Page 79 and 80: DEVELOPMENT OF WEB BASED GRAVITY MO
- Page 81 and 82: These results of a model require a
- Page 83 and 84: CONCLUSIONSThe main goal of work ha
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- Page 97 and 98: Listeners' workon the WebListenersS
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- Page 107 and 108: • The data obtained by the resear
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- Page 111 and 112: departures for 1995 are taken from
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- Page 115 and 116: 140120maximumworldminimum1008060402
- Page 117 and 118: would be a promising extension. Cur
- Page 119 and 120: AN OVERVIEW OF THE AGENT − BASED
- Page 121 and 122: Suitability for social system simul
- Page 123 and 124: 6. MASONDescription:MASON is a fast
- Page 125 and 126: Suitability for social system simul
- Page 127 and 128: could be bad particularly when over
- Page 129 and 130: (for 10 repeat &| CCar[]->runfor);P
- Page 131 and 132: • Streaming audio• Collaboratio
- Page 133 and 134: NECESSITY OF NEW LAYERED APPROACH T
- Page 135 and 136: Up to now, there has only been limi
- Page 137 and 138: aaaaa6= −aa2,1 = − a0,3226= −
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a6,3= −2030a4,5−130a4,3- - - -
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0,10,20,30,4( )Mag x y y Ge wx2, =
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Example 1. To understand better the
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Therefore, further the following co
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SOLUTION OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONALEQ
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Mag1, m , m , m1 2 3= mm1 m2m32 2 2
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MagMag0, m , m , m1 2 31, m , m , m
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CONCLUSIONSThe basic content of thi