EVOLUTION OF WIRELESS APPLICATIONAleksejs JurenoksRiga Technical University,1, Kalku Street, Riga LV-1658, LatviaE-mail: ajurenoks@rsdc.lvKEYWORDSWireless network, mobile solution, quality of serviceABSTRACTThe <strong>in</strong>troduction of wireless communication isdramatically chang<strong>in</strong>g our lives. The ability tocommunicate anytime anywhere <strong>in</strong>creases our quality oflives and improves our bus<strong>in</strong>ess productivity. The recenttechnological developments that allow us to executebandwidth-hungry multimedia applications over thewireless media add new dimensions to our ability tocommunicate. This opens an array of excit<strong>in</strong>gopportunities <strong>in</strong> bus<strong>in</strong>ess, residential, healthcare,education, leisure, and many other areas. Wirelessvideoconferenc<strong>in</strong>g will connect us with bus<strong>in</strong>ess partnersand family members. Remote video medical consultationwill enhance care <strong>in</strong> rural areas and at the accident scene.Interactive games that <strong>in</strong>clude video and graphics withpartners over the globe will add new dimensions not onlyto our leisure opportunities but also to provision<strong>in</strong>g of aneffective remote learn<strong>in</strong>g environment.INTRODUCTIONOver the last ten years, the impact of wirelesscommunications on the way we live and do bus<strong>in</strong>ess hasbeen surpassed only by the impact of the Internet. Cellphones, pagers, and wireless Personal Digital Assistants(PDAs) have become so commonplace <strong>in</strong> our lives that itis easy to forget that ten years ago, they were a rarity. Butwireless communications is still <strong>in</strong> its <strong>in</strong>fancy, and thenext stage of its development will be <strong>in</strong> supplement<strong>in</strong>g orreplac<strong>in</strong>g the network <strong>in</strong>frastructure that was traditionally“wired” as well as enabl<strong>in</strong>g network <strong>in</strong>frastructures thatpreviously could only be imag<strong>in</strong>ed. From local coffeeshops to commercial <strong>in</strong>ventory control systems, with<strong>in</strong>restaurants and throughout public airports, access<strong>in</strong>gcentral pools of <strong>in</strong><strong>format</strong>ion and communicat<strong>in</strong>g directlybetween users and among the devices themselves,wireless commerce is beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g to challenge theexchange system that our modern world currentlyembraces.No longer are we restricted by the shortfalls ofprocess<strong>in</strong>g and battery power, operat<strong>in</strong>g systemefficiencies, or heat dissipation with<strong>in</strong> the small footpr<strong>in</strong>tof the mobile device. Rather, we are limited only by thepractical application of these technologies. How will weaccess <strong>in</strong><strong>format</strong>ion? How will we <strong>in</strong>tegrate multiplehardware and software technologies <strong>in</strong>to <strong>in</strong>telligent anduseable form factors? Not all bus<strong>in</strong>ess models necessarilyimply the use of a s<strong>in</strong>gle term<strong>in</strong>al to supply the user withvoice, video, and data services. Ergonomic factors maydictate that voice services are ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong>ed privately whiledata exchange and video <strong>in</strong><strong>format</strong>ion is easily viewablefrom a specified distance, perhaps on complementarydevices.EVOLUTION OF WIRELESS MULTIMEDIAAPPLICATIONThe landscape of Internet usage is dramaticallychang<strong>in</strong>g because of the rapid evolution of access towireless communication with its associated mobility.Consumers <strong>in</strong> both bus<strong>in</strong>ess and residential markets arebecom<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>gly dependent on ubiquitous access.Such access is enabled by the proliferation of wirelesscommunication. Consumers realize the benefits of manynew bus<strong>in</strong>ess applications such as those <strong>in</strong> e-commerce,collaboration, supply cha<strong>in</strong>, and telemedic<strong>in</strong>e. They alsostart to appreciate the benefits for their family andpersonal needs such as communication with friends,enterta<strong>in</strong>ment, gam<strong>in</strong>g, and location and safety services.As the speed and quality provision<strong>in</strong>g of wirelesscommunication <strong>in</strong>crease, consumers' dependency onapplications delivered through the wireless media will<strong>in</strong>crease. They will also enjoy improved graphics as thewireless media will be able to deliver content-richapplications through their higher speed wirelessnetworks.This new era of ubiquitous wireless communicationwill provide an array of applications supported by theability to access the Internet everywhere and anytime.Wireless communication will be available at home and atthe office. Other types of global networks are envisionedonce high-speed 3G cellular phones become available byTELE2 (Latvia) company.Some of the applications that currently use wirelessnetworks as their transmission media were previouslyavailable via wired media and some applications are new.Here is a partial list of these applications:• Stream<strong>in</strong>g videoAnnual <strong>Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs</strong> of Vidzeme University College “ICTE <strong>in</strong> Regional Development”, 2006124
• Stream<strong>in</strong>g audio• Collaboration• One-way and <strong>in</strong>teractive multimedia messag<strong>in</strong>g• Gam<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>teractive peer-to-peer(p2p) gam<strong>in</strong>g• Digital money transactions• MP3 music download• Video- and audio-supported shopp<strong>in</strong>g• Long-distance learn<strong>in</strong>g, education• Video and audio conferenc<strong>in</strong>g• File shar<strong>in</strong>g and transfer (pictures, video clips,and text)• Feed<strong>in</strong>g of real-time news and <strong>in</strong><strong>format</strong>ionabout the weather, f<strong>in</strong>ancial markets, sports andso on• Geographic location services• Enterta<strong>in</strong>mentThese applications will be delivered to consumers <strong>in</strong>many shapes and forms depend<strong>in</strong>g on the devices andwireless communication media available to theconsumer.The wireless network has a profound role <strong>in</strong> theeffectiveness of the application delivery. When higherspeed connections are available, the applications candeliver richer content, improved graphics, and more vividcolors. When the network can support Quality of Service(QoS), the applications can improve <strong>in</strong>teractivity, reducejitter, and provide cont<strong>in</strong>uous video and voiceexperience. When latency is high, applications that tailorlocation-based <strong>in</strong><strong>format</strong>ion for consumers may provideoutdated <strong>in</strong><strong>format</strong>ion.Likewise, the device architecture has a strong effecton the consumer experience. For example, a larger screencan accommodate larger pictures and more <strong>in</strong><strong>format</strong>ion.This dimension is amplified <strong>in</strong> the wireless environment,s<strong>in</strong>ce devices tend to have much smaller screens. A morepowerful central process<strong>in</strong>g unit (CPU) can expeditecomputations associated with the applications, itsgraphics, and various communication protocols. Morememory can enhance the graphic visualizationexperience. Moreover, such memory can be used forcach<strong>in</strong>g various multimedia contents for future view.The potential list of applications that can benefitconsumers <strong>in</strong> the wireless mobile environment is longand covers all aspects of life and bus<strong>in</strong>ess.where the multimedia contents are orig<strong>in</strong>ated anddisplayed on the same mach<strong>in</strong>e, the network multimediaapplication contents that orig<strong>in</strong>ate on a source host aretransmitted through the network and displayed at thedest<strong>in</strong>ation host. Therefore, there are a number of factorsand components that affect the performance ofmultimedia applications such as:• Users: The (human or nonhuman) ones whoutilize the multimedia applications. Users'perception can <strong>in</strong>fluence the evaluation of themultimedia applications' performance.• Host mach<strong>in</strong>e: The devices that operate themultimedia application (source and dest<strong>in</strong>ationhosts). The hosts consist of a number ofcomponents such as processors, media storagesystems (e.g., hard drive, CD-ROM), displaydevices, and operat<strong>in</strong>g systems.• Application: The structure or the mechanismsbuilt <strong>in</strong> the multimedia application (e.g., thecodec used <strong>in</strong> video compression).• Network: The network components thattransport the multimedia contents between thetwo host mach<strong>in</strong>es (source and dest<strong>in</strong>ation).Examples of hardware components <strong>in</strong>clude:switches, routers, network <strong>in</strong>terface cards,gateways, and firewalls. The network also<strong>in</strong>cludes network protocols that reside at eachnetwork hardware element.On Figure 1 is shown a simplified diagram of acommunication system that <strong>in</strong>cludes all the componentsmentioned above. Hosts connect to the network throughthe network <strong>in</strong>terface devices us<strong>in</strong>g various networktechnologies (e.g., IEEE 802.11 WLAN, Satellite,Bluetooth). The network cloud consists of multiplesegments of <strong>in</strong>terconnected sub networks that establishthe communication path between the hosts. All of thesecomponents require multimedia support.QUALITY OF SERVICEThese applications emerge to serve people's needs andsometimes create new services that attract people todeploy wireless networks <strong>in</strong> their bus<strong>in</strong>esses or dailylives. Multimedia applications discussed <strong>in</strong> this articlema<strong>in</strong>ly focus on network applications, i.e., applicationswhere hosts and mach<strong>in</strong>es communicate through anetwork. Unlike the stand-alone multimedia applicationsFigure 1. Communication system diagram.Annual <strong>Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs</strong> of Vidzeme University College “ICTE <strong>in</strong> Regional Development”, 2006125
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ISBN 9984-633-03-9Annual Proceeding
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“Development of Creative Human -
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TABLE OF CONTENTSINTELLIGENT SYSTEM
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INTELLIGENT SYSTEM FOR LEARNERS’
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LEARNER 1GROUP OF HUMAN AGENTSLEARN
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QuantityQuantityFigure 6. Distribut
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LEARNERStructure of theconcept mapL
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WEB-BASED INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYST
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materials to be presented and which
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND E-LEAR
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correspondence with the course aim
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projects and through IT. Hence, it
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APPLICATION OF MODELING METHODS IN
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can support configuration managemen
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The EKD is one of the Enterprise mo
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CHANGES TO TRAINING AND PERSPECTIVE
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or an end, yet none of these attitu
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make decisions. It cannot be volunt
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logs), data and video conferencing
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Ability to follow user’s multi-ta
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CONCLUSIONSEDUSA method gives us a
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in successful SD. Given this situat
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SPATIAL INFORMATIONFor the visualis
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MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES USE IN SERVICES
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learning environment (Learning Mana
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ago only some curricula on Logistic
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The Web-based version can be access
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Web-portal, which incorporates diff
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DO INTELLIGENT OBJECTS AUTOMATICALL
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Table 1. Examples for introducing R
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workable influencing of the process
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are handed over to the objects and
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• Basic processes, such as wareho
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THE ECR E-COACH: A VIRTUAL COACHING
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participating in the workshops and
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• Assessment modules enable indiv
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with pictures and illustrated graph
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ECR Question Banknumber category su
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educational programme that follows
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