Social Insurance and Public Assistance

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806 Series Bf679–688 Bf SOCIAL INSURANCE AND PUBLIC ASSISTANCE TABLE Bf679–688 Public child health and welfare service programs – children and mothers served: 1937–1970 Continued 1 Prior to 1956, includes antepartum service only. Sources Series Bf679–686, 1937–1969, U.S. Children’s Bureau, Statistical Series, and U.S. Social Security Administration, unpublished data; 1970, U.S. Health Services Administration, unpublished data. Series Bf687–688, U.S. Social and Rehabilitation Service, Child Welfare Statistics (1969), and Children Served by Public Welfare Agencies and Voluntary Child Welfare Agencies and Institutions, Reports CW-1 and E-9. Documentation Series Bf679–680. Data represent general coverage of state reports: 1937– 1947, for services administered or financed in whole or in part by official state agencies under the Social Security Act; 1948–1949, for services provided or purchased by official state agencies exclusive of prediagnostic services; 1950–1956, for “physician’s services” consisting of clinic service, hospital care, convalescent home care, and other services by physicians. Data for 1937 are for forty-five states, the District of Columbia, Alaska, Hawai’i (Georgia, Louisiana, and Oregon not participating). For 1938, Georgia and Oregon are also included and, for 1939, Louisiana is included (except for first quarter). Puerto Rico was excluded beginning with the last half of 1940, and the Virgin Islands were excluded beginning the last half of 1947; prior to these dates, they were included. Arizona, which did not participate from 1950 through 1956, is excluded for those years. Rates for each year are based on the population of states participating in those years. Series Bf679–685. Calendar year basis through 1964; fiscal year thereafter. Series Bf681–686. Maternal and child health programs include services administered or supervised by official state health agencies. Reports were received each year except 1941 from forty-eight states, the District of Columbia, Alaska, and Hawai’i. Missouri was not participating in 1941. Puerto Rico is included beginning with 1940, and the Virgin Islands are included beginning with the last half of 1947. Series Bf686. Not computed after 1956 because older children were included in the program. TABLE Bf689–707 Food programs – participation, benefits, payments, and costs: 1962–1999 Contributed by Price V. Fishback and Melissa A. Thomasson Food Stamps Women, Infants, and Children program Federal cost of school food programs Average number Annual average Average of persons Annual monthly benefit Total Program monthly benefit Cash Commodity participating benefit per person participation costs per person payments costs Total costs Bf689 Bf690 Bf691 Bf692 Bf693 Bf694 Bf695 Bf696 Bf697 Year Thousand Thousand dollars Dollars Thousand Million dollars Dollars Million dollars Million dollars Million dollars 1962 143 13,153 7.66 — — — — — — 1963 226 18,639 6.87 — — — — — — 1964 367 28,643 6.50 — — — — — — 1965 424 32,494 6.39 — — — — — — 1966 864 64,781 6.25 — — — — — — 1967 1,447 105,455 6.07 — — — — — — 1968 2,211 172,982 6.52 — — — — — — 1969 2,878 228,587 6.62 — — — 310.5 272.0 582.5 1970 4,340 550,806 10.58 — — — 412.2 265.2 677.4 1 1971 9,368 1,522,904 13.55 — — — 642.8 277.3 920.1 1972 11,103 1,794,875 13.47 — — — 853.9 312.1 1,166.0 1973 12,190 2,102,133 14.37 — — — 1,007.5 331.0 1,338.5 1974 12,896 2,725,988 17.62 88 10.4 15.68 1,193.7 316.1 1,509.8 1975 17,063 4,386,144 21.42 344 89.3 18.58 1,498.0 423.5 1,921.5 1976 18,557 5,310,133 23.85 520 142.6 19.60 1,743.7 418.6 2,162.3 1977 17,058 5,057,700 24.71 848 255.9 20.80 1,868.9 540.8 2,409.7 1978 16,044 5,165,209 26.83 1,181 379.6 21.99 2,124.8 542.9 2,667.7 1979 17,710 6,484,538 30.51 1,483 525.4 24.09 2,348.3 744.9 3,093.2 1980 21,077 8,685,521 34.34 1,914 727.7 25.43 2,712.4 904.5 3,616.9 1981 22,430 10,615,964 39.44 2,119 871.6 27.84 2,813.1 895.2 3,708.3 1982 21,716 10,205,799 39.18 2,189 948.8 28.83 2,521.0 757.0 3,278.0 1983 21,630 11,153,867 42.98 2,537 1,126.0 29.62 2,763.0 800.9 3,563.9 1984 20,858 10,696,100 42.74 3,045 1,388.1 30.58 2,887.7 827.4 3,715.1 1985 19,910 10,744,200 44.99 3,138 1,489.3 31.69 2,973.5 801.3 3,774.8 1986 19,428 10,604,950 45.49 3,312 1,582.9 31.82 3,136.4 821.9 3,958.3 1987 19,113 10,500,344 45.78 3,429 1,679.6 32.68 3,259.4 888.2 4,147.6 1988 18,644 11,149,051 50.00 3,593 1,797.5 33.28 3,417.2 813.7 4,230.9 1989 18,766 11,676,436 51.85 4,118 1,910.9 30.14 3,537.2 763.9 4,301.1 1990 20,038 14,184,028 59.01 4,517 2,122.2 30.20 3,829.4 619.7 4,449.1 1991 22,629 17,307,235 63.89 4,893 2,301.1 29.84 4,229.5 699.3 4,928.8 1992 25,403 20,899,531 68.57 5,403 2,596.7 30.21 4,662.7 707.2 5,369.9 1993 26,982 22,005,194 67.96 5,921 2,825.5 29.76 4,968.8 668.4 5,637.2 1994 27,476 23,749,813 69.01 6,477 3,169.5 29.91 5,267.6 725.3 5,992.9 1995 26,619 22,765,849 71.27 6,894 3,441.4 30.41 5,531.8 693.6 6,225.4 1996 25,533 22,440,298 73.23 7,188 3,695.3 31.19 5,796.9 693.0 6,489.9 1997 22,851 19,555,263 71.31 7,407 3,844.1 31.67 6,165.7 619.7 6,785.4 1998 19,787 16,879,929 71.09 7,367 3,889.9 31.75 6,390.7 728.2 7,118.9 1999 — — — 7,311 3,945.7 32.53 6,675.6 704.9 7,380.5 Note appears at end of table (continued)
SOCIAL WELFARE PROGRAMS Series Bf689–707 807 TABLE Bf689–707 Food programs – participation, benefits, payments, and costs: 1962–1999 Continued Child and Adult National School Lunch program School Breakfast program Care Food program Percentage Percentage Special Milk Summer Food Percentage Average of free and Total of free and program: Service of free and monthly Meals reduced-price monthly Meals reduced-price half-pints program: Meals reducedparticipation served meals served participation served meals served served meals served served price meals Bf698 Bf699 Bf700 Bf701 Bf702 Bf703 Bf704 Bf705 Bf706 Bf707 Year Million Million Percent Million Million Percent Million Million Million Percent 1962 — — — — — — — — — — 1963 — — — — — — — — — — 1964 — — — — — — — — — — 1965 — — — — — — — — — — 1966 — — — — — — — — — — 1967 — — — — — — — — — — 1968 — — — — — — — — — — 1969 19.4 3,368.2 15.1 0.22 39.7 71.0 2,944.4 2.2 8 78.2 1970 22.4 3,565.1 20.7 0.45 71.8 71.5 2,901.9 8.2 42 80.3 1971 24.1 3,848.3 26.1 0.80 125.5 76.3 2,570.0 29.0 81 83.5 1972 24.4 3,972.1 32.4 1.04 169.3 78.5 2,498.2 73.5 103 85.4 1973 24.7 4,008.8 35.0 1.19 194.1 83.4 2,560.7 65.4 118 87.1 1974 24.6 3,981.6 37.1 1.37 226.7 82.8 1,425.9 63.6 163 88.6 1975 24.9 4,063.0 40.3 1.82 294.7 82.1 2,139.0 84.3 224 87.6 1976 25.6 4,147.9 43.1 2.20 353.6 84.2 2,206.8 104.8 254 80.6 1977 26.2 4,250.0 44.8 2.49 434.3 85.7 2,204.4 170.4 311 82.6 1978 26.7 4,294.1 44.4 2.80 478.8 85.3 1,990.8 120.3 339 81.8 1979 27.0 4,357.4 43.6 3.32 565.6 84.1 1,821.1 121.8 382 79.8 1980 26.6 4,387.0 45.1 3.60 619.9 85.2 1,794.8 108.2 431 82.6 1981 25.8 4,210.6 48.6 3.81 644.2 86.9 1,533.1 90.3 547 91.0 1982 22.9 3,755.0 50.2 3.32 567.4 89.3 201.9 68.2 493 85.5 1983 23.0 3,803.3 51.7 3.36 580.7 90.3 189.0 71.3 536 84.4 1984 23.4 3,826.2 51.0 3.43 589.2 89.7 174.4 73.8 591 84.0 1985 23.6 3,890.1 49.1 3.44 594.9 88.6 166.9 77.2 640 83.7 1986 23.7 3,942.5 49.1 3.50 610.6 88.7 161.8 77.1 678 83.6 1987 23.9 3,939.9 48.6 3.61 621.5 88.4 162.3 79.9 725 83.2 1988 24.2 4,032.9 47.4 3.68 642.5 87.5 193.6 80.3 792 83.2 1989 24.3 4,004.9 47.2 3.81 658.4 86.8 188.7 86.0 866 83.5 1990 24.1 4,009.1 48.3 4.07 707.5 86.7 181.2 91.2 966 83.9 1991 24.2 4,050.9 50.4 4.44 772.1 87.3 177.0 96.2 1,063 84.5 1992 24.6 4,101.9 53.0 4.92 852.6 88.0 174.4 107.4 1,182 85.4 1993 24.9 4,137.7 54.8 5.36 923.6 87.9 167.3 113.4 1,298 85.4 1994 25.3 4,201.8 55.9 5.83 1,001.6 87.4 158.8 116.9 1,414 85.3 1995 25.7 4,253.4 56.4 6.32 1,078.9 86.8 151.4 120.3 1,508 85.2 1996 25.9 4,313.2 56.9 6.58 1,125.7 86.5 144.3 125.4 1,546 85.2 1997 26.3 4,409.0 57.6 6.92 1,191.2 86.5 140.6 128.5 1,572 85.3 1998 26.6 4,424.9 57.8 7.14 1,221.0 86.1 133.6 134.8 1,602 84.7 1999 26.9 4,513.2 57.6 7.37 1,267.6 85.4 126.9 134.6 1,637 84.2 1 Corrected from original source using sum of series Bf695–696. Sources Series Bf689–691. U.S. Social Security Administration, Social Security Bulletin: Annual Statistical Supplement (1999), Table 9.H.1, p. 344. The original source for the series is the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food and Consumer Service. Series Bf692–707. Internet site for the USDA, Food and Nutrition Service. More detail on these programs and others and recent updates have been posted at the US Food and Nutrition Service Internet site. See also U.S. Food and Nutrition Service, “Annual Historical Review of FNS Programs.” Documentation The U.S. Food and Nutrition Service administers a series of programs designed to provide food to low-income persons. These include food stamp, school meals, and summer feeding programs, programs to feed women, infants, and children and the elderly, and so on. Food Stamp Program The Food Stamp program was designed to provide low-income persons with a means for obtaining an adequate diet. Under this program, single persons and individuals living in households meeting nationwide standards for income and assets may receive coupons redeemable for food and for garden seeds and plants. To qualify for the program, as of 1996, a household must have (1) less than $2,000 in disposable assets ($3,000 if one member is aged 60 or older), (2) gross income below 130 percent of the poverty guidelines for the household size, and (3) net income, after subtracting the deductions, of less than 100 percent of the poverty guidelines. Households with a person aged 60 or older, or a disabled person receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Social Security (Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance, or OASDI), state general assistance or veterans’ disability benefits (or interim disability assistance pending approval of any of the previously mentioned programs) may have gross income exceeding 130 percent of the poverty guidelines if the income is lower than 100 percent of the poverty guidelines after subtracting the preceding deductions. One- and two-person households in which all members receive Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) or SSI are categorically eligible for food stamps without meeting these income criteria. Initiated on a pilot basis in 1961, the Food Stamp Act of 1964 formally established the program, with twenty-two states participating. Currently, (continued)
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CHAPTER Bf Social Insurance and Pub
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PUBLIC ASSISTANCE: COLONIAL TIMES T
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SOCIAL WELFARE: 1929 TO THE PRESENT
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POOR RELIEF Series Bf 17-22 721 TAB
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POOR RELIEF Series Bf 34-149 727 TA
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SOCIAL WELFARE EXPENDITURES Series
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Social Insurance and Public Assistance

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