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816 Series Bf746–761 Bf SOCIAL INSURANCE AND PUBLIC ASSISTANCE TABLE Bf746–761 Railroad retirement benefits – number and amount, by type of beneficiary: 1937–1997 Contributed by Price V. Fishback and Melissa A. Thomasson Retirement and survivor monthly benefits awarded Monthly benefits in current payment status Benefit payments Lump-sum Retirement Total lump- Railroad death benefits annuities and Spouse Total survivor sum survivor employees Recipients Total Retirees Spouse Survivors Total Retirees Spouse Survivors awarded Total pensions annuities annuities payments Bf746 Bf747 Bf748 Bf749 Bf750 Bf751 Bf752 Bf753 Bf754 Bf755 Bf756 Bf757 Bf758 Bf759 Bf760 Bf761 Fiscal year Thousand Thousand Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Million dollars Million dollars Million dollars Million dollars Million dollars 1937 1,279 7 8,000 7,000 — (Z) 7,000 7,000 — (Z) — 5.0 4.0 — (Z) — 1938 1,093 117 110,000 107,000 — 2,000 108,000 107,000 — 1,000 1,000 83.0 82.0 — 1.0 — 1939 1,151 163 38,000 35,000 — 3,000 132,000 130,000 — 3,000 15,000 107.0 104.0 — 1.0 (Z) 1940 1,195 173 25,000 23,000 — 2,000 144,000 141,000 — 3,000 13,000 114.0 111.0 — 1.0 1.0 1941 1,322 182 22,000 21,000 — 2,000 153,000 150,000 — 3,000 13,000 122.0 117.0 — 2.0 2.0 1942 1,470 186 18,000 16,000 — 1,000 157,000 153,000 — 4,000 13,000 127.0 122.0 — 2.0 3.0 1943 1,591 191 17,000 16,000 — 1,000 160,000 156,000 — 4,000 15,000 131.0 124.0 — 2.0 4.0 1944 1,670 197 19,000 18,000 — 1,000 164,000 160,000 — 4,000 15,000 135.0 128.0 — 2.0 5.0 1945 1,680 210 22,000 21,000 — 1,000 171,000 167,000 — 4,000 20,000 143.0 133.0 — 2.0 6.0 1946 1,622 224 28,000 27,000 — 1,000 185,000 181,000 — 4,000 20,000 154.0 143.0 — 2.0 8.0 1947 1,598 265 63,000 29,000 — 34,000 231,000 194,000 — 37,000 15,000 173.0 159.0 — 7.0 9.0 1948 1,558 376 121,000 43,000 — 78,000 320,000 218,000 — 102,000 21,000 225.0 188.0 — 31.0 7.0 1949 1,403 427 67,000 36,000 — 31,000 356,000 234,000 — 122,000 34,000 283.0 234.0 — 38.0 7.0 1950 1,421 461 65,000 38,000 — 27,000 387,000 251,000 — 137,000 33,000 302.0 248.0 — 42.0 12.0 1951 1,476 484 57,000 32,000 — 24,000 408,000 261,000 — 147,000 31,000 317.0 259.0 — 45.0 12.0 1952 1,429 568 137,000 30,000 85,000 21,000 503,000 268,000 81,000 154,000 26,000 394.0 296.0 23.0 62.0 13.0 1953 1,405 609 77,000 33,000 23,000 20,000 531,000 279,000 91,000 161,000 27,000 460.0 324.0 41.0 79.0 13.0 1954 1,250 638 77,000 36,000 19,000 22,000 562,000 294,000 99,000 169,000 29,000 512.0 362.0 46.0 85.0 16.0 1955 1,239 696 106,000 38,000 21,000 47,000 616,000 310,000 107,000 200,000 24,000 550.0 376.0 49.0 110.0 19.0 1956 1,220 730 89,000 38,000 20,000 31,000 651,000 323,000 114,000 214,000 23,000 601.0 396.0 62.0 127.0 16.0 1957 1,150 757 83,000 37,000 20,000 26,000 679,000 336,000 119,000 224,000 21,000 678.0 455.0 69.0 139.0 15.0 1958 984 798 92,000 42,000 21,000 29,000 710,000 350,000 126,000 234,000 24,000 721.0 482.0 73.0 149.0 15.0 1959 949 824 94,000 44,000 21,000 28,000 746,000 369,000 132,000 245,000 22,000 781.0 519.0 81.0 164.0 18.0 1960 909 873 115,000 45,000 42,000 28,000 794,000 384,000 157,000 254,000 22,000 926.0 602.0 110.0 195.0 18.0 1961 836 906 98,000 43,000 26,000 29,000 821,000 397,000 166,000 259,000 23,000 987.0 641.0 118.0 207.0 20.0 1962 815 932 93,000 41,000 23,000 29,000 838,000 405,000 168,000 265,000 22,000 1,027.0 661.0 118.0 227.0 21.0 1963 790 951 94,000 42,000 22,000 30,000 861,000 416,000 173,000 272,000 23,000 1,068.0 686.0 119.0 240.0 21.0 1964 775 970 91,000 40,000 21,000 30,000 879,000 423,000 174,000 282,000 23,000 1,096.0 704.0 119.0 250.0 23.0 1965 753 980 85,000 36,000 19,000 29,000 889,000 426,000 174,000 288,000 23,000 1,118.0 716.0 118.0 259.0 24.0 1966 741 1,002 104,000 35,000 41,000 28,000 921,000 429,000 197,000 294,000 20,000 1,200.0 737.0 148.0 293.0 24.0 1967 713 1,022 103,000 50,000 24,000 29,000 950,000 445,000 200,000 306,000 20,000 1,266.0 780.0 162.0 299.0 23.0 1968 683 1,040 115,000 60,000 25,000 29,000 989,000 470,000 204,000 314,000 20,000 1,403.0 869.0 183.0 327.0 24.0 1969 659 1,050 114,000 55,000 26,000 33,000 1,016,000 489,000 208,000 319,000 21,000 1,536.0 941.0 208.0 362.0 24.0 1970 640 1,051 99,000 48,000 24,000 27,000 1,036,000 501,000 210,000 324,000 19,000 1,594.0 963.0 214.0 391.0 25.0 1971 611 — 113,832 60,067 24,823 28,951 1,067,121 525,712 212,075 329,334 — 1,909.7 1,178.5 256.4 448.7 26.0 1972 589 — 106,362 54,260 22,831 29,271 1,084,241 540,509 211,449 332,283 — 2,121.9 1,320.9 282.5 486.3 26.1 1973 584 — 99,088 51,601 21,976 25,511 1,098,454 553,256 210,793 334,405 — 2,456.8 1,511.9 319.4 598.7 32.2 1974 592 — 94,745 46,358 21,020 27,367 1,106,832 561,864 209,518 335,450 — 2,670.5 1,621.2 340.1 681.4 26.8 1975 548 — 137,034 79,526 32,101 25,407 1,160,312 603,028 219,644 337,640 — 3,060.4 1,838.2 384.2 811.4 27.9 1976 540 — 106,729 57,301 26,326 23,102 1,182,028 620,974 223,838 337,216 — 3,469.5 2,040.6 440.7 964.0 26.6 (TQ) — — 27,902 14,417 7,204 6,281 1,186,012 623,820 225,220 336,972 — 916.9 534.2 118.7 257.3 23.7 1977 546 — 95,992 45,775 26,292 23,925 1,201,055 633,331 230,758 336,966 — 3,786.9 2,212.8 499.1 1,054.6 6.7 1978 542 — 87,104 41,261 23,642 22,201 1,203,895 636,284 232,472 335,139 — 3,988.1 2,323.8 529.3 1,118.3 20.3 1979 554 — 83,538 40,177 22,323 21,038 1,204,719 638,183 233,611 332,925 — 4,274.9 2,492.4 572.1 1,194.8 16.7 Note appears at end of table (continued)
SOCIAL WELFARE PROGRAMS Series Bf746–761 817 Retirement and survivor monthly benefits awarded Monthly benefits in current payment status Benefit payments Lump-sum Retirement Total lump- Railroad death benefits annuities and Spouse Total survivor sum survivor employees Recipients Total Retirees Spouse Survivors Total Retirees Spouse Survivors awarded Total pensions annuities annuities payments Bf746 Bf747 Bf748 Bf749 Bf750 Bf751 Bf752 Bf753 Bf754 Bf755 Bf756 Bf757 Bf758 Bf759 Bf760 Bf761 Fiscal year Thousand Thousand Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Number Million dollars Million dollars Million dollars Million dollars Million dollars 1980 532 — 83,476 40,511 22,268 20,697 1,203,006 639,314 233,916 329,776 — 4,730.6 2,754.9 634.9 1,327.2 15.6 1981 503 — 82,854 41,176 21,346 20,321 1,202,364 641,787 233,977 326,427 — 5,286.6 3,070.7 709.1 1,492.8 13.6 1982 440 — 84,395 39,985 21,613 22,787 1,200,427 642,640 234,009 323,621 — 5,725.6 3,342.1 755.9 1,617.0 13.8 1983 395 — 81,260 38,687 20,231 22,323 1,193,226 640,985 232,367 319,730 — 6,041.1 3,548.7 805.5 1,676.1 10.6 1984 395 — 72,237 33,176 18,587 20,461 1,182,606 635,821 230,433 316,218 — 6,099.9 3,602.6 815.2 1,670.8 10.8 1985 372 — 68,334 31,316 18,286 18,720 1,165,202 626,521 227,284 311,274 — 6,251.0 3,699.8 839.6 1,702.4 11.3 1986 342 — 69,330 31,875 17,850 19,590 1,151,861 619,548 224,642 307,551 — 6,329.5 3,760.6 847.4 1,711.9 9.3 1987 320 — 68,224 32,903 18,040 17,271 1,139,782 614,024 222,303 303,342 — 6,520.3 3,897.4 876.2 1,737.0 9.5 1988 312 — 67,057 32,297 17,776 16,973 1,124,645 607,088 220,093 297,264 — 6,675.9 4,017.6 897.4 1,752.9 9.7 1989 308 — 66,572 30,403 19,583 16,577 1,111,630 600,065 220,483 290,977 — 6,938.6 4,198.0 942.9 1,789.5 7.9 1990 296 — 60,743 27,689 17,036 16,006 1,094,112 590,660 218,475 284,878 — 7,194.6 4,376.5 980.4 1,829.6 8.1 1991 285 — 55,181 24,434 15,641 15,096 1,074,199 579,377 215,733 278,993 — 7,490.8 4,573.5 1,019.7 1,890.9 8.0 1992 276 — 52,298 23,277 14,442 14,566 1,050,546 566,804 212,036 271,619 — 7,693.9 4,705.1 1,048.8 1,933.1 6.7 1993 271 — 49,014 20,691 12,719 15,597 1,024,439 552,339 206,967 265,050 — 7,872.3 4,825.7 1,070.4 1,969.1 6.8 1994 266 — 44,378 19,205 11,847 13,315 998,280 536,856 201,327 258,014 — 7,978.9 4,890.7 1,088.3 1,993.6 7.2 1995 265 — 42,072 17,771 10,407 13,886 967,175 521,400 195,082 250,611 — 8,059.2 4,963.1 1,079.7 2,009.5 6.3 1996 257 — 38,635 16,707 9,576 12,343 936,428 505,483 188,281 242,581 — 8,113.6 5,013.3 1,075.9 2,018.5 6.8 1997 253 — 38,293 16,788 9,175 12,323 906,741 490,448 181,399 234,816 — 8,205.7 5,091.0 1,075.3 2,033.8 5.9 (Z) Series Bf751 and Bf755, fewer than 500 benefits. Series Bf760–761, less than $500,000. Sources The Railroad Retirement Board Statistical Supplement to 1980 Annual Report,Tables B-1, B-2, B-3; The Railroad Retirement Board: Statistical Tables Through FY 1990,Tables B-1, B-2, B-3; The Railroad Retirement Board: Statistical Tables Through FY 1998,Tables B-1, B-2, B-3, D-1 (available from the Internet site of the Railroad Retirement Board). Documentation The Railroad Retirement and Carriers’ Taxing Act of 1937 established the railroad retirement system forrailroad employees as a program separate from the Social Security system. The 1937 Act provided annuities to retired employees based on their earnings and service. The system was to be administered by the U.S. Railroad Retirement Board. Annuities were paid at age 65 or later regardless of length of service, although persons between the ages of 60 and 64 could receive benefits (at reduced levels) after thirty years of service. Disabled workers could receive a full annuity for disability only if they were totally and permanently disabled and had thirty years of service. Persons between the ages of 60 and 64 could receive a reduced annuity after less than thirty years of service. Under the 1937 Act, survivor benefits were limited to a lump sum of 4 percent of the employee’s creditable earnings, less any previously made annuity payments. The system was financed by taxes on employers and employees. Initially, employers and employees each contributed 2.75 percent of an employee’s earnings up to $300 monthly. Amendments in 1946 lessened the restrictions on disability payments and divided jurisdiction for survivor’s benefits between the Railroad Retirement Board and the Social Security Administration. In 1951, further amendments added annuities for the spouses of retired railroad employees and made provisions for Social Security to assume the jurisdiction of benefits for employees with less than ten years of railroad service. The intention of the latter amendments was to ensure that Railroad Retirement benefits would be no less than the benefits that would be given under Social Security for similar service. In 1965, the Railroad Retirement tax base was coordinated with that of Social Security, and Medicare benefits were extended to railroad retirees and their families. The Railroad Retirement Act of 1974 restructured the original act into a two-tier system of benefits in order to eliminate duplications in Railroad Retirement and Social Security benefits. The first tier takes into account both Railroad Retirement and nonrailroad Social Security credits and provides benefits equal to Social Security benefits. The second tier focuses on railroad service exclusively and provides benefits comparable to those in other industries with pension systems that provide benefits over and above Social Security. Subsequent amendments in the 1980s and 1990s changed some eligibility requirements as well as employer and employee tax contributions. For a complete, detailed history of the Railroad Retirement System, see the U.S. Railroad Retirement Board’s Railroad Retirement Handbook, available at its Internet site. Series Bf746. Represents the mid-monthly calendar year average of the number of railroad employees. Series Bf748. Includes annuities to parents from 1981 forward. Series Bf757. Includes a small amount of payments for Hospital Insurance benefits for services in Canada. Series Bf755. Includes annuities temporarily being paid at spouse annuity rates, pending final adjudication of survivor annuities. Series Bf759. Beginning in 1982, includes divorced spouse annuities. Further disaggregated information is available from the Railroad Retirement Board. Series Bf760. Includes survivor (option) and parents’ annuities.
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CHAPTER Bf Social Insurance and Pub
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PUBLIC ASSISTANCE: COLONIAL TIMES T
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SOCIAL WELFARE: 1929 TO THE PRESENT
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POOR RELIEF Series Bf 17-22 721 TAB
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POOR RELIEF Series Bf 23-27 723 TAB
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POOR RELIEF Series Bf 34-149 727 TA
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POOR RELIEF Series Bf 156-175 729 T
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SOCIAL WELFARE EXPENDITURES Series
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SOCIAL WELFARE PROGRAMS Series Bf27
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