Social Insurance and Public Assistance

738 Series Bf196–211 Bf SOCIAL INSURANCE AND PUBLIC ASSISTANCE
TABLE Bf196–211 Public expenditures on social welfare, by federal or state–local source of funds: 1890–1995 Continued
Federal funds State and local funds
Health and Other social Health and Other social
Social medical Veterans’ welfare Social medical Veterans’ welfare
Total insurance Public aid programs programs Education Housing programs Total insurance Public aid programs programs Education Housing programs
Bf196 Bf197 Bf198 Bf199 Bf200 Bf201 Bf202 Bf203 Bf204 Bf205 Bf206 Bf207 Bf208 Bf209 Bf210 Bf211
Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million
Year dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars
1965 37,591.2 21,806.7 3,593.9 2,660.0 6,010.7 2,469.8 238.1 812.0 39,492.6 6,316.1 2,689.5 3,495.0 20.4 25,638.0 80.0 1,253.6
1966 45,242.7 1 25,663.6 4,366.0 3,010.0 6,337.0 1 4,580.5 250.8 1,034.8 42,560.1 6,271.0 2,935.1 3,730.0 21.3 28,244.6 84.1 1,274.0
1967 53,173.9 30,544.8 5,244.4 3,588.0 6,875.2 5,278.8 283.0 1,359.7 46,291.2 6,793.9 3,566.6 3,795.0 23.1 30,529.0 94.8 1,488.8
1968 60,168.3 35,390.0 6,455.1 4,087.0 7,214.2 5,000.3 325.1 1,696.6 53,385.1 7,350.4 4,636.5 4,085.0 32.5 35,589.4 102.5 1,588.8
1969 68,146.3 40,847.4 7,829.0 4,334.0 7,883.0 4,922.9 425.5 1,904.5 58,824.4 7,924.7 5,610.1 4,494.0 50.6 38,750.2 106.8 1,888.0
1970 77,130.1 45,245.6 9,648.6 4,568.0 8,951.6 5,875.8 581.6 2,258.9 68,425.0 9,445.6 6,839.2 5,038.0 126.5 44,969.7 119.6 1,886.4
1971 92,346.8 1 53,902.6 12,990.3 4,909.0 10,330.1 1 6,597.4 871.1 1 2,746.3 78,909.9 12,466.2 8,271.7 5,528.0 124.9 50,107.3 175.1 2,236.7
1972 105,869.6 61,248.5 16,291.3 5,865.0 11,405.2 6,721.3 1,183.2 3,155.1 84,445.6 13,560.9 9,786.9 5,959.0 117.1 52,663.8 149.2 2,208.7
1973 122,154.3 72,248.8 18,061.0 6,286.0 12,903.3 7,359.6 1,749.7 3,545.9 91,139.6 1 13,916.8 10,630.4 6,513.0 123.1 57,374.1 429.9 2,152.3 1
1974 136,723.5 82,832.3 20,387.7 6,677.0 13,873.8 7,041.5 2,009.1 3,902.1 101,918.1 1 16,169.1 11,132.7 7,521.0 238.6 63,492.4 544.9 2,819.4 1
1975 166,884.2 99,715.0 27,275.8 7,890.0 16,569.8 8,629.3 2,540.7 4,263.6 122,288.8 23,298.1 14,170.8 8,852.0 449.1 72,204.8 631.0 2,683.0
1976 196,672.6 1 119,600.2 32,670.1 1 9,079.0 18,796.1 9,023.2 2,906.0 4,598.0 134,941.2 1 26,103.2 16,353.3 1 9,277.0 161.9 78,706.5 464.8 3,874.5
1977 217,895.5 134,744.7 35,655.2 9,419.0 18,860.6 9,741.0 4,005.5 5,469.5 142,563.3 1 26,138.6 18,157.2 1 10,022.0 153.7 84,137.3 352.6 3,601.9
1978 239,788.7 1 147,364.7 40,392.5 10,724.0 19,570.3 1 10,900.8 4,887.3 5,949.1 154,476.9 1 27,724.9 19,533.3 1 11,477.0 173.7 90,617.0 337.4 4,613.6
1979 263,446.2 163,879.3 44,247.2 11,282.0 20,411.9 12,108.0 5,069.2 6,448.6 166,620.7 1 30,408.2 21,059.8 1 12,758.0 189.7 97,153.5 423.9 4,627.6
1980 303,165.5 191,162.0 49,394.2 12,840.0 21,253.6 13,452.2 6,277.6 8,785.9 189,548.2 38,592.4 23,308.9 14,423.0 211.9 107,597.4 601.4 4,813.2
1981 345,179.5 1 224,573.5 56,818.1 13,837.0 23,228.8 1 13,372.4 6,045.2 1 7,304.5 207,703.3 42,821.3 26,815.9 15,751.0 212.1 116,736.1 688.3 4,678.6
1982 370,172.2 250,551.4 53,434.1 14,883.0 24,462.8 11,916.9 8,423.8 6,500.2 231,172.7 1 52,063.4 28,772.1 1 17,987.0 245.3 126,172.4 778.3 5,154.2
1983 402,252.0 274,315.4 57,834.8 15,153.0 25,561.0 12,399.3 9,960.5 7,028.0 246,977.1 56,845.8 30,495.9 18,937.0 240.9 134,016.1 1,003.0 5,438.4
1984 421,194.1 288,742.6 59,868.1 16,029.0 25,969.8 13,009.5 10,225.9 7,349.2 256,918.0 52,377.6 33,111.3 19,693.0 305.1 144,179.4 1,305.9 5,945.7
1985 450,790.6 1 310,174.7 63,479.9 18,029.0 26,703.8 1 13,796.2 11,058.8 7,548.2 281,458.9 59,420.5 34,881.9 21,024.0 337.9 158,251.3 1,539.7 6,003.6
1986 472,761.8 1 326,016.3 67,299.1 19,440.0 27,072.1 15,022.4 10,089.6 1 7,822.3 308,963.4 64,753.8 36,901.1 24,513.0 372.8 174,212.2 1,872.2 6,338.3
1987 497,932.1 342,932.7 70,934.9 20,813.0 27,640.8 16,062.0 11,044.2 8,504.5 336,189.8 69,941.2 41,180.2 27,254.0 410.0 188,501.7 2,129.3 6,773.4
1988 527,470.8 1 360,268.1 75,989.6 22,875.0 29,254.4 16,966.4 14,005.9 8,111.4 360,480.4 73,783.2 43,733.8 30,221.0 409.0 202,415.8 2,550.0 7,367.6
1989 565,107.9 1 387,286.5 1 81,730.7 1 24,117.0 29,638.2 1 18,659.9 15,183.9 8,491.7 392,286.7 80,765.2 46,879.1 33,006.0 465.5 220,111.1 2,942.8 8,117.0
1990 616,640.6 422,256.6 92,858.5 27,206.0 30,427.7 18,374.0 16,612.4 8,905.4 432,310.2 91,565.2 53,952.6 34,478.0 488.5 239,957.6 2,856.1 9,012.2
1991 676,384.2 453,534.4 113,234.9 29,672.0 32,331.2 19,084.5 18,696.1 9,831.1 483,242.2 107,640.8 68,099.5 36,138.0 526.1 258,062.6 2,826.5 9,948.7
1992 750,237.3 496,075.6 138,703.7 31,685.0 35,087.2 20,059.6 17,949.6 10,676.6 516,629.8 122,863.2 69,249.3 38,429.0 554.8 272,011.0 2,667.6 10,854.9
1993 805,335.7 534,211.9 151,850.5 33,189.0 35,806.3 20,454.9 18,984.8 10,838.3 561,418.4 124,998.0 69,149.3 41,528.0 572.0 311,541.9 1,797.5 11,831.7
1994 852,875.7 557,320.7 162,674.7 34,770.0 37,261.6 24,084.2 24,987.2 11,777.3 582,943.6 126,458.0 75,350.6 45,465.0 633.2 320,006.8 2,044.8 12,985.2
1995 888,357.3 579,803.7 170,260.0 36,767.0 38,384.9 23,472.0 27,276.0 12,393.7 616,779.1 125,679.6 83,270.0 48,740.0 687.1 342,153.3 2,085.1 14,164.0
1 Revised figure. See text for Table Bf188–195.
Sources
Estimates presented for 1890 and 1913 were primarily based on the following: R. A. Musgrave and J.
J. Culbertson, “The Growth of Public Expenditures in the U.S., 1890–1948,” National Tax Journal (June
1953): 97–115; J. Frederic Dewhurst and Associates, America’s Needs and Resources (Twentieth Century
Fund, 1955); and reports of official agencies. Data for 1929–1989, U.S. Social Security Administration,
Social Welfare Expenditures under Public Programs in the United States, 1929–90 (July 1995); Ann Kallman
Bixby, “Public Social Welfare Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1992,” Social Security Bulletin 58 (2) (1995): 65–
73. Data for 1990–1995 come from Ann Kallman Bixby, “Public Social Welfare Expenditures, Fiscal
Year 1994,” Social Security Bulletin 60 (3) (1997): 43–4; and Ann Kallman Bixby, “Public Social Welfare
Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1995,” Social Security Bulletin 62 (2) (1999): 89, 90. More detailed breakdowns
for all of the programs in Tables Bf212–270 from 1929 through 1989 are available in these sources,
as well. See the text for Table Bf188–195 for further discussion of the sources.
Documentation
Federal grants-in-aid are classified as expenditures from federal funds (contrary to the practice in the
national income accounts, which include them as expenditures from state and local funds). Benefit
payments under the state unemployment insurance programs are classified as expenditures from
state funds (in the national income accounts, they are classified as federal expenditures, based on
the fact that the state unemployment insurance trust funds are held and invested by the Secretary of
the Treasury). Federal grants to the states for the administration of unemployment insurance and the
employment service are classified as expenditures from federal funds, as are the benefits paid under
the temporary extended unemployment insurance acts of 1958 and 1961.
The expenditures for state and federal funds for each category should sum to the expenditures
reported for each category in Table Bf188–195. In some cases during the period 1990 through 1995,
there are disparities. The differences arise because revisions for Table Bf188–195 have been reported
later than revisions for Table Bf196–211.