Social Insurance and Public Assistance

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742 Series Bf225–231 Bf SOCIAL INSURANCE AND PUBLIC ASSISTANCE TABLE Bf225–231 Public expenditures on social welfare – public aid: 1929–1995 Contributed by Price V. Fishback and Melissa A. Thomasson Public assistance Supplemental Total Total Medical payments Social services Security Income Food Stamps Other public aid Bf225 Bf226 Bf227 Bf228 Bf229 Bf230 Bf231 Year Million dollars Million dollars Million dollars Million dollars Million dollars Million dollars Million dollars 1970 16,487.8 14,433.5 5,212.7 712.6 — 577.0 1,477.3 1971 21,262.0 18,075.0 6,277.5 950.4 — 1,576.3 1,610.7 1972 26,078.2 21,895.0 7,751.6 2,160.5 — 1,866.8 2,316.4 1973 28,691.4 24,002.6 9,208.7 2,306.3 45.7 2,212.9 2,430.2 1974 31,520.4 23,827.4 10,371.9 2,155.1 2,831.5 2,838.9 2,022.6 1975 41,446.6 27,409.4 13,550.6 2,622.4 6,091.6 4,693.9 3,251.7 1976 49,023.4 1 31,384.5 15,708.8 2,799.4 6,540.3 1 5,699.7 5,398.9 1977 53,812.4 35,376.0 18,351.7 3,216.8 6,818.9 5,472.0 6,145.5 1978 59,925.8 37,360.3 20,471.9 2,840.1 7,193.7 5,139.5 10,232.3 1979 65,307.0 40,497.1 23,491.0 2,725.8 7,532.3 6,816.1 10,461.5 1980 72,703.1 45,064.3 27,570.1 2,342.8 8,226.5 9,083.3 10,329.0 1981 83,634.0 51,744.7 32,492.3 2,489.9 9,288.0 11,136.4 11,464.9 1982 82,206.2 53,860.0 34,804.6 2,567.5 9,753.0 10,761.0 7,832.2 1983 88,330.7 57,181.6 37,180.6 2,507.9 10,793.8 12,540.7 7,814.6 1984 92,979.4 61,906.0 40,194.8 2,788.9 11,136.7 12,375.2 7,561.5 1985 98,361.8 66,170.2 43,859.6 2 2,742.8 11,840.0 12,512.7 7,838.9 1986 104,200.2 70,839.6 47,242.9 2,670.7 12,887.4 12,397.0 8,076.2 1987 112,115.1 1 78,249.2 53,121.4 2,696.8 1 13,638.0 1 12,362.1 7,865.8 1988 119,723.4 84,152.2 58,039.4 2,700.0 14,687.1 13,071.1 7,813.0 1989 128,609.8 91,290.6 64,548.3 2,670.5 15,823.3 13,589.3 7,906.6 1990 146,811.1 105,093.8 76,175.1 2,753.2 17,230.4 16,254.5 8,232.4 1991 181,334.4 133,664.2 101,909.0 2,822.5 19,646.2 19,471.3 8,552.7 1992 207,953.0 152,018.2 117,622.1 2,707.6 23,423.2 23,232.9 9,278.7 1993 220,999.8 160,625.0 125,138.0 3,712.9 26,506.2 24,496.7 9,371.9 1994 238,025.3 171,755.1 134,204.5 3,645.2 30,085.5 25,273.6 10,911.1 1995 253,530.0 187,219.0 150,869.0 3,729.0 30,138.0 25,319.0 10,854.0 1 Revised figure. See text for Table Bf188–195. 2 The data reported in the 1997 and 1999 source articles for the year 1980 is 44,182.7, which does not precisely match the data in the July 1995 source owing to revisions in the procedures for estimating health expenditures. Sources Estimates presented for 1890 and 1913 were based primarily on the following: R. A. Musgrave and J. J. Culbertson, “The Growth of Public Expenditures in the U.S., 1890–1948,” National Tax Journal (June 1953): 97–115; J. Frederic Dewhurst and Associates, America’s Needs and Resources (Twentieth Century Fund, 1955); and reports of official agencies. Data for 1929–1989, U.S. Social Security Administration, Social Welfare Expenditures under Public Programs in the United States, 1929–90 (July 1995); Ann Kallman Bixby, “Public Social Welfare Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1992,” Social Security Bulletin 58 (2) (1995): 65–73. Data for 1990–1995 are from Ann Kallman Bixby, “Public Social Welfare Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1994,” Social Security Bulletin 60 (3) (1997): 42; and Ann Kallman Bixby, “Public Social Welfare Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1995,” Social Security Bulletin 62 (2) (1999): 88, 94. Most of the series in this table are annually updated in the Social Security Bulletin: Annual Statistical Supplement, Table 3.A3. See the text for Table Bf188–195 for further discussion of the sources. Documentation More information on the public aid programs is available in Tables Bf568– 678 and Bf689–716. Series Bf225. Includes cash payments and medical assistance under Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), Medicaid, emergency assistance, WIC (Women, Infants and Children), General Assistance programs, public assistance, work relief, other emergency aid, surplus food for the needy, food stamps, repatriate and refugee assistance, social services and work incentive activities, and the Job Corps, Neighborhood Youth Corps, and work-experience training programs under the Economic Opportunity Act and related laws. It is the sum of series Bf226 and Bf229–231. Certain other economic opportunity programs are included in series Bf195 as antipoverty programs. Series Bf226. The figures on public assistance include cash payments and medical assistance under the following programs: AFDC, Medicaid, emergency assistance, WIC, and general assistance from state and local funds. It also includes social services. Beginning in 1969, work incentive program expenditures are included. Series Bf229. Supplemental Security Insurance (SSI) was established by Congress in 1972, with payments beginning in January 1974. SSI replaced the former federal–state programs of Old-Age Assistance, Aid to the Blind, and Aid to the Permanently and Totally Disabled. Series Bf231. Includes work relief, other emergency aid, surplus food for the needy, repatriate and refugee assistance, work-experience training programs, the WIC program beginning in 1974, and Low-Income Home Energy Assistance beginning in 1981.
SOCIAL WELFARE EXPENDITURES Series Bf232–245 743 TABLE Bf232–245 Public expenditures on social welfare – health and medical programs: 1929–1995 Contributed by Price V. Fishback and Melissa A. Thomasson Expenditures, by program Expenditures, by function Under health and medical programs Hospital and medical care Maternal and School health Other public Medical Health and Medical Civilian Under Defense child health Medical (education health facility Under other medical Medical facilities Total Total programs Department programs research agencies) activities construction programs Total services research construction Bf232 Bf233 Bf234 Bf235 Bf236 Bf237 Bf238 Bf239 Bf240 Bf241 Bf242 Bf243 Bf244 Bf245 Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Year dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars dollars 1929 351.1 146.3 117.1 29.2 6.2 — 9.4 88.8 100.4 126.0 477.1 372.5 0.0 104.6 1930 378.1 162.7 133.7 29.0 — — 9.7 102.3 103.4 134.4 512.5 400.5 0.0 112.0 1931 405.8 179.1 150.2 29.0 — 0.3 10.1 108.6 107.7 143.4 549.3 431.8 0.3 117.2 1932 434.5 218.2 187.9 30.3 — 1.6 10.5 115.0 89.2 146.1 580.6 476.2 1.6 102.8 1933 417.6 232.4 204.5 28.0 — 0.9 10.0 114.6 59.8 128.1 545.9 471.1 0.9 73.9 1934 400.3 226.3 199.4 26.9 — 0.3 9.3 114.9 49.6 97.4 497.8 444.6 0.3 52.9 1935 427.2 253.1 225.3 27.7 6.9 0.3 10.0 112.2 44.8 116.0 543.2 495.1 0.3 47.8 1936 453.9 267.1 237.5 29.7 2.5 0.5 10.6 121.0 52.1 128.4 582.3 526.7 0.5 55.1 1937 500.1 277.6 245.9 31.7 9.9 1.4 12.1 132.1 66.8 137.7 637.6 560.0 1.4 76.2 1938 539.5 289.5 255.9 33.6 11.6 1.7 13.5 147.7 75.5 144.9 684.4 597.5 1.7 85.2 1939 575.2 290.2 255.3 34.9 13.0 2.0 15.0 153.3 101.7 149.0 724.2 609.0 2.0 113.2 1940 615.5 343.0 297.6 45.4 13.8 2.6 16.4 154.5 85.2 166.1 781.6 679.5 2.6 99.5 1941 724.4 472.9 315.1 157.8 16.0 2.5 17.8 152.4 62.7 168.1 892.4 822.5 2.5 67.4 1942 948.7 661.3 311.7 349.6 17.3 2.4 19.2 154.6 93.8 176.8 1,125.4 1,025.0 2.4 98.0 1943 1,885.8 1,456.3 325.4 1,130.9 17.7 2.6 20.6 177.4 211.2 185.7 2,071.5 1,854.9 2.6 214.0 1944 2,225.1 1,866.8 335.0 1,531.8 46.7 2.6 21.9 163.4 123.7 203.9 2,429.0 2,297.6 2.6 128.8 1945 2,354.2 1,995.9 364.8 1,631.1 62.1 2.5 23.3 178.0 92.4 225.2 2,579.4 2,468.2 2.5 108.7 1946 1,904.1 1,528.6 400.6 1,128.0 53.3 3.5 24.6 230.3 63.8 378.0 2,282.1 2,178.9 3.5 99.7 1947 1,367.0 963.9 567.6 396.2 35.2 25.6 24.7 260.0 57.7 731.6 2,098.6 1,848.3 27.0 223.3 1948 1,416.0 941.4 696.3 245.1 30.6 47.0 24.7 287.5 84.6 736.7 2,152.5 1,989.2 49.6 113.7 1949 1,753.1 1,096.5 782.4 314.1 31.4 60.8 27.7 325.1 211.5 904.4 2,657.4 2,242.4 65.1 349.9 1950 2,063.5 1,222.3 886.1 336.2 29.8 69.2 30.6 350.8 360.8 1,001.9 3,065.4 2,470.2 72.9 522.3 1951 2,782.8 1,812.1 980.0 832.0 33.4 79.6 31.2 370.7 455.8 1,030.1 3,812.8 3,162.6 84.6 565.6 1952 3,331.3 2,207.5 1,087.7 1,119.8 36.5 99.4 31.8 462.1 494.0 1,151.8 4,483.1 3,767.1 103.3 612.7 1953 3,190.4 2,157.9 1,185.5 972.4 39.9 102.1 45.1 391.6 453.8 1,187.4 4,377.8 3,724.2 107.2 546.4 1954 3,099.1 2,035.7 1,227.4 808.3 90.1 113.5 58.3 363.9 437.5 1,236.7 4,335.7 3,725.6 118.8 491.3 1955 3,103.1 2,042.4 1,297.6 744.8 92.9 132.8 65.9 383.7 385.4 1,317.5 4,420.6 3,862.4 138.7 419.5 1956 3,307.1 2,233.7 1,471.2 762.5 104.2 154.0 73.4 369.6 372.2 1,382.2 4,689.3 4,127.2 161.7 400.4 1957 3,775.8 2,489.2 1,675.5 813.6 113.3 226.0 79.5 435.0 432.7 1,470.6 5,246.2 4,536.9 238.5 470.8 1958 4,090.9 2,649.4 1,760.7 888.7 122.1 278.0 85.6 394.5 561.2 1,584.6 5,675.4 4,788.0 291.7 595.7 1959 4,400.6 2,778.1 1,844.6 933.6 133.4 350.1 93.3 454.1 591.5 1,764.3 6,164.9 5,158.5 367.6 638.8 1960 1 4,463.8 2,853.3 1,973.2 880.1 141.3 448.9 101.0 401.2 518.1 1,931.3 6,395.1 5,346.8 470.6 577.7 1961 4,927.0 3,150.7 2,226.0 924.7 152.4 576.1 115.0 426.6 506.2 2,131.6 7,058.6 5,895.2 603.2 560.2 1962 5,229.8 3,138.9 2,132.8 1,006.1 174.1 780.5 129.0 478.1 529.2 2,407.7 7,637.5 6,237.5 818.3 581.7 1963 5,593.5 3,270.5 2,274.6 995.8 190.3 920.3 128.4 531.5 552.6 2,710.7 8,304.2 6,718.8 963.0 622.4 1964 6,003.5 3,536.0 2,446.3 1,089.7 211.7 1,042.5 127.7 548.7 536.9 2,967.4 8,970.9 7,261.3 1,096.0 613.6 Note appears at end of table (continued)
Page 1 and 2: CHAPTER Bf Social Insurance and Pub
Page 3 and 4: PUBLIC ASSISTANCE: COLONIAL TIMES T
Page 9 and 10: SOCIAL WELFARE: 1929 TO THE PRESENT
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Page 31 and 32: POOR RELIEF Series Bf 23-27 723 TAB
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Page 35 and 36: POOR RELIEF Series Bf 34-149 727 TA
Page 37 and 38: POOR RELIEF Series Bf 156-175 729 T
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PRIVATE WELFARE Series Bf773-785 82
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