Social Insurance and Public Assistance

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830 Series Bf854–863 Bf SOCIAL INSURANCE AND PUBLIC ASSISTANCE TABLE Bf854–863 Short-term disability programs – benefits provided for income loss from sickness, by type of insurance: 1948–1983 Contributed by Price V. Fishback and Melissa A. Thomasson Benefits provided as protection against income loss from short-term sickness Group benefits Workers in private industry Estimated income loss Private cash-sickness Sick leave for Old-Age, Survivors, and from nonoccupational Through individual insurance and Publicly operated government Disability Insurance program short-term sickness Total insurance Total Total self-insurance cash-sickness funds Sick leave employees (sixth month of disability) Bf854 Bf855 Bf856 Bf857 Bf858 Bf859 Bf860 Bf861 Bf862 Bf863 Year Million dollars Million dollars Million dollars Million dollars Million dollars Million dollars Million dollars Million dollars Million dollars Million dollars 1948 4,582 761 141 620 361 146 57 158 259 — 1949 4,445 848 150 698 398 172 62 164 300 — 1950 4,816 942 153 789 474 231 63 180 315 — 1951 5,494 1,153 157 996 606 344 61 201 390 — 1952 5,834 1,304 177 1,127 674 382 75 218 453 — 1953 6,163 1,413 209 1,204 722 397 91 235 481 — 1954 6,114 1,478 230 1,248 747 399 103 245 500 — 1955 6,565 1,620 250 1,370 825 442 109 273 545 — 1956 7,052 1,806 278 1,528 937 525 114 299 591 — 1957 7,386 1,958 307 1,651 1,024 567 127 330 626 — 1958 7,477 2,093 353 1,740 1,044 556 141 346 696 — 1959 7,749 2,236 390 1,847 1,123 601 164 359 724 — 1960 8,591 2,430 393 2,037 1,211 638 172 400 826 — 1961 8,664 2,561 426 2,135 1,241 626 195 420 894 — 1962 9,653 2,776 419 2,358 1,355 671 212 472 1,003 — 1963 10,213 2,997 447 2,550 1,445 675 244 526 1,105 — 1964 10,296 3,101 484 2,617 1,485 716 264 505 1,133 — 1965 11,333 3,349 483 2,866 1,602 767 269 566 1,264 — 1966 12,268 3,637 513 3,124 1,735 843 273 619 1,389 — 1967 12,844 3,898 527 3,371 1,834 869 285 680 1,537 — 1968 14,585 4,622 1 609 4,013 2,247 1,124 320 803 1,766 — 1969 15,307 5,104 635 4,469 2,551 1,247 374 930 1,918 — 1970 16,757 5,888 694 5,194 2,953 1,476 411 1,066 2,242 — 1971 17,146 6,137 731 5,406 3,030 1,489 411 1,130 2,376 — 1972 19,507 6,874 772 6,102 3,390 1,614 412 1,364 2,712 — 1973 21,059 7,461 795 6,666 3,650 1,736 446 1,469 2,906 110 1974 21,804 8,232 851 7,381 4,144 2,024 485 1,634 3,107 130 1975 23,595 9,003 973 8,030 4,328 2,011 538 1,779 3,542 160 1976 26,447 9,819 881 8,938 4,900 2,267 581 2,052 3,868 170 1977 28,225 10,559 940 9,619 5,285 2,344 582 2,359 4,145 190 1978 32,811 11,751 1,210 10,541 5,782 2,403 609 2,770 4,579 180 1979 36,072 13,371 1,322 12,049 6,987 3,216 699 3,072 4,892 170 1980 38,529 14,426 1,280 13,146 7,633 3,271 770 3,593 5,337 175 1981 41,278 15,113 1,291 13,822 8,011 2,959 953 4,099 5,640 170 1982 42,558 16,269 1,595 14,674 8,498 2,931 987 4,581 6,026 150 1983 45,615 16,411 1,152 15,259 8,615 2,708 1,007 4,899 6,490 157
PRIVATE WELFARE Series Bf854–863 831 1 Data in the original source have been corrected or revised. Sources Daniel N. Price, “Cash Benefits for Short-Term Sickness: Thirty Five Years of Data, 1948–83,” Social Security Bulletin 45 (5) (1986): 5–19. A new series using different methodologies was developed in the 1990s; see Table Bf864–874. Documentation Protection against loss of earnings in periods of nonoccupational disability is provided in a number of ways. For wage and salary workers in private industry, the most common method is through group or individual insurance policies sold by commercial insurance companies that pay cash amounts during specified periods of disability. Employers may also self-insure, providing either cash benefits or paid sick leave. Some unions, union management trust funds, fraternal societies, and mutual benefit associations also pay cash disability benefits. In addition, employers often use a paid-sick leave plan to supplement benefits under insurance plans, and workers may, as individuals, purchase insurance to supplement the protection provided through their jobs. Private insured protection may be obtained through voluntary action by the employer or the employee, or it may come about as the result of compulsory programs. For further discussion and more detailed information see the original source. Nonoccupational short-term sickness is defined as short-term or temporary non-work-connected disability (lasting not more than six months) and the first six months of long-term disability. Beginning in 1959, the data are adjusted to reflect changes in sickness experience (average number of days of disability), as reported in the Health Interview Survey of the Public Health Service. Income loss was estimated by multiplying the annual payroll by estimated average number of days lost as a result of sickness and dividing by the average number of workdays in the year. The average days lost assumed for wage and salary workers was 7; for federal government employees was 8; and for state and local government employees was 7.5 for 1948–1966, 7.35 for 1967, 7.2 for 1968, and 7 for 1969–1983; and for self-employed was 7. Estimated workdays were 255, 260, 255, and 300, respectively. Payroll information for groups came from the U.S. Department of Commerce estimates of payrolls and for self-employed of annual farm and nonfarm proprietors’ income. See source for more detail. Series Bf855. The sum of series Bf856–857 and Bf863. Series Bf857. The sum of series Bf858 and Bf862. Series Bf858. The sum of series Bf859–861. Series Bf859. Private cash sickness insurance and self-insurance includes a small but undetermined amount of group disability insurance benefits paid to government workers and to self-employed persons through farm, trade, or professional association. Bf863. Calculated by subtracting series Bf858 and Bf862 from series Bf857.
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CHAPTER Bf Social Insurance and Pub
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PUBLIC ASSISTANCE: COLONIAL TIMES T
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SOCIAL WELFARE: 1929 TO THE PRESENT
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POOR RELIEF Series Bf 17-22 721 TAB
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POOR RELIEF Series Bf 23-27 723 TAB
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POOR RELIEF Series Bf 34-149 725 TA
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POOR RELIEF Series Bf 34-149 727 TA
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POOR RELIEF Series Bf 156-175 729 T
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SOCIAL WELFARE EXPENDITURES Series
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SOCIAL WELFARE PROGRAMS Series Bf27
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Page 87 and 88: SOCIAL WELFARE PROGRAMS Series Bf47
Page 129 and 130: PRIVATE WELFARE Series Bf773-785 82
Page 137: PRIVATE WELFARE Series Bf836-853 82
Page 143: PRIVATE WELFARE Series Bf887-892 83
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