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asia policy be cautious not to offend China. This was immediately put to rest, with the new leader publicly describing China’s behavior in the South China Sea as undermining Chinese interests and advocating a strategy combining diplomacy with “balancing.” 18 Such rhetoric, combined with revelations about Australia’s sustained assertion of rights of overflight, suggests that Canberra will continue to support international efforts to manage tensions in a critical part of the regional and global commons. In parallel with anticipated future U.S. freedom of navigation operations, continued Australian air force surveillance will help neutralize the strategic and diplomatic value of China’s island-building. Australia’s further options are limited but could include exploring creative, oblique ways to point out to China that island-building and coercion are harmful to its interests. For instance, Australia could step up its activism in convening new bilateral security partnerships or even minilateral security dialogues with countries concerned about the way China is using its power. Such initiatives would signal to China that its behavior is bringing about the very outcome it does not want—a firmer balancing alignment of other regional powers. Another option is bilateral diplomacy, with Australian foreign minister Julie Bishop’s firm opposition to China’s destabilizing declaration of an air defense identification zone over waters contested with Japan in 2013 providing an important precedent. 19 In that instance, Australia weathered China’s diplomatic displeasure, an experience that has arguably strengthened Australia’s resolve and self-respect in handling differences with its largest trading partner. 20 A looming test of Australia’s priorities will come with how it responds to the determination, due in early 2016, of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague on the case that the Philippines has brought against China over their competing territorial claims. Despite its repeated endorsement of a rules-based approach to the security problems in the South China Sea, Canberra has been less than outspoken in praising Manila’s initiative to appeal to the umpire. It appears this is not purely or even primarily about mollifying China. Rather, the issue is that Australia itself has previously 18 John Garnaut, “Malcolm Turnbull Changes Direction on Foreign Policy: China Trumps the Islamic State Death Cult,” Age, September 24, 2015. 19 “Angry China Rebukes Julie Bishop over East China Sea Dispute,” Australian, December 7, 2013. 20 For further discussion of these options, see Rory Medcalf, “The Temperature in Canberra as the South China Sea Boils,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative, June 4, 2015 u http://amti.csis.org/the-temperature-in-canberra-as-the-south-china-sea-boils. [ 12 ]
oundtable • non-claimant perspectives on the south china sea “opted out of mandatory dispute settlement” under UNCLOS in relation to its maritime boundary differences with its small neighbor, East Timor. 21 In a connected world, no island is an island, including the island continent of Australia. For many reasons—a rules-based order, economic lifelines, balance of power, and the U.S. alliance—the South China Sea has become a major issue in Australian security and foreign policy. This status will not diminish soon. However, to go much further in translating its concerns into active policy, Canberra will need clear thinking on what costs and risks it is willing to incur. 21 Sam Bateman, “Australia and the South China Sea Arbitration Case,” Australian Strategic Policy Institute, Strategist, December 17, 2015 u http://www.aspistrategist.org.au/ australia-and-the-south-china-sea-arbitration-case. [ 13 ]
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asia policy executive summary This
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asia policy in the Asia-Pacific is
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asia policy In addition, Taiwan cou
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asia policy standard of market open
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asia policy The TPP will require Ta
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asia policy implications The implic
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asia policy dependence on the mainl
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asia policy and to Taiwan’s own d
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asia policy indicators such as econ
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asia policy this view, cadres loyal
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asia policy impressive. Although th
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asia policy increased to 65.5%, whi
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asia policy widely documented. 41 E
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