Jiva

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MIND, MATTER AND GOD : JIVA, JADA AND ISVARA M.M.NINAN advantage of, or attain full growth in, to full breadth in this doctrine and discipline?" "This cannot be, Lord!" "You are not, O Bhikkhus, to learn the Lokayata system. Whosoever does so shall be guilty of dukkata (a form of offence for the monk)". Now at that time the Chabbagiya Bhikkhus taught the Lokayata system. People murmured, .. saying, "Like those still enjoying the pleasures of the world!" They told this matter to the Blessed One. "You are not, O Bhikkhus, to teach the Lokayata system. Whosever does so shall be guilty of dukkata." "You are not, O Bhikkhus, to learn - to teach, - the low arts (Vinaya Pitaka) the rationalistic anti-Vedic thrust found better expression through Jainism and Buddhism. But these again were defeated by infiltration in many fronts. They survived with inclusion of theistic elements. Over and above these communal elements, the onslaught of Islam destroyed any surviving documents. Liberation Now It is best to remember that the Lokayata philosophy was two pronged. First it was a sociological struggle of the exploited against the Brahminic-Kshatriya exploiters. The second was the generation of an alternate philosophical system to counter the Brahmin attempt of subjugation by emphasizing Karma and Dharma. The similarity between Marxism and social struggle is obvious. In contrast within the Judeo-Christian religion the struggle was initiated by God himself. Judaism was essentially the product of the slave liberation struggle. Yahvh God heard the cries of the slaves in Egypt and led them out into liberation and gave them freedom and a land to possesses. He also gave them more humane regulations to live by. They 38
MIND, MATTER AND GOD : JIVA, JADA AND ISVARA M.M.NINAN later rejected God and went after the ways of the world and made for themselves Kings over them. As the Kings and Priests wielded their power, Jesus came down strongly against them and presented to them a God of love. They crucified him. The followers of Jesus even experimented with a sort of communal living where "each according to their ability and to each according to their need" was the principle. It failed miserably because men and women were still Ananias and Saphiras. Hence the need for a redemption. Perception and Inference in Carvaka Philosophy The essence of epistemological approach is summarized by Purandara a follower of Carvaka (7th Century) thus. The usefulness of inference in determining the nature of all worldly things where perceptual experience is available is not questionable. However such inference cannot be employed for establishing any dogma regarding the transcendental world, or life after death or the laws of Karma for which ordinary there is no perceptual experience. The main reason for upholding such a distinction between the validity of inference in our practical life of ordinary experience, and in ascertaining transcending truths beyond experience is this. Any conclusion based on Inductive generalization by observing a large number of cases of agreement together with total absence of disagreement is true. But in the case of transcendent sphere such agreement can do not exist because; they can not be perceived by the senses (Purandara in Kamalasila's Panjika) In the Christian reasoning too, the above argument is sound. We cannot make arbitrary assumptions based on possible inferences. This is especially true on matters that are of eternal consequence. How can we know the reality of God and his purposes? The historical verification of matters of faith had been very important to Judeo-Christian tradition. Prophets and seers were respected and accepted not because of their logic, of their declaration power, or because of signs and wonders they performed. They were accepted based on whether their declaration tallied with verifiable historical facts. There are two such points of contacts. 39
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Prof. Madathilparampil Mammen Ninan
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Life, Legacy and the Theology of Dr
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Jiva

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