The Context of HIV Risk Among Drug Users and Their Sexual Partners

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Kelly, J.A.; Sikkema, K.J.; Winett, R.A.; Solomon, L.J.; Roffman, R.E.; Kalichman, S.C.; and Stevenson, L.Y. Outcomes of a 16-city field trial of a community-level HIV risk reduction intervention. Proc 8th Int Conf AIDS, Amsterdam, 1992. Leigh, B. The relationship of substance use during sex to high-risk sexual behavior. J Sex Res 27:199-213, 1990. Leigh, B.C., and Stall, R. Substance use and risky sexual behavior for exposure to HIV: Issues in methodology, interpretation, and prevention. Am Psychologist 48:1035-1045, 1993. Martin, J.L.; Dean, L.; Garcia, M.; and Hall, W. The impact of AIDS on a gay community: Changes in sexual behavior, substance use, and mental health. Am J Community Psychol 17:269-293, 1989. Mayer, K.H. Medical consequences of the inhalation of volatile nitrites. In: Ostrow, D.G.; Sandholzer, T.A.; and Felman, Y.M., eds. Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Homosexual Men. New York: Plenum Press, 1983, pp. 237-242. McCusker, J.; Westenhouse, J.; Stoddard, A.M.; Zapka, J.G.; Zorn, M.W.; and Mayer, K.H. Use of drugs and alcohol by homosexually active men in relation to sexual practices. J Acq Immune Defic Synd 3:729-736, 1990. McKirnan, D.J., and Peterson, P.L. Alcohol and drug use among homosexual men and women: Epidemiology and population characteristics. Addict Behav 14:545-553, 1989a. McKirnan, D.J., and Peterson, P.L. Psychosocial and cultural factors in alcohol and drug abuse: An analysis of a homosexual community. Addict Behav 14:555-563, 1989b. Myers, T.; Rowe, C.J.; Tudiver, F.G.; Kurtz, R.G.; Jackson, E.A.; Orr, K.W.; and Bullock, S.L. HIV, substance use, and related behavior of gay and bisexual men: An examination of the Talking Sex Project cohort. Br J Addict 87:207-214, 1992. Ostrow, D.G. Barriers to the recognition of links between drug and alcohol abuse and AIDS. In: Petrakis, P.L., ed. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Chemical Dependency. U.S. Public Health Service Monograph. DHHS Pub. No. (ADM)87-1513. Washington, DC: Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1987. Ostrow, D.G.; Van Raden, M.; Kingsley, L.; Fox, R.; Dudley, J.; and Kaslow, R.A. Drug use and sexual behavioral change in a cohort of homosexual men. Proc 3rd Int Conf AIDS, Washington, DC, 1987. Ostrow, D.G.; Beltran, E.; and Wesch, J. “Changes in Sexual and Drug Use Behaviors, 1984-1989.” Proc Annu Meet Am Psychiatr Assoc 135:234, 1990. 111
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National Institute on Drug Abuse RE
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT This monograph is ba
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Drug Use and HIV Risk Among Male Se
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Partners. The review was held April
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Inciardi, J.A.; Lockwood, D.; and P
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highlights the critical importance
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AUTHOR Richard H. Needle, Ph.D., M.
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Blower and colleagues (1991) have p
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Even in areas with low seroprevalen
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involves using a syringe to draw bl
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Hispanics were less likely to repor
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victimization through theft, violen
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sharing? When are needles deliberat
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Chitwood, D.D.; McCoy, C.B.; Inciar
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Page, J.B.; Smith, P.C.; and Kane,
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HIV/AIDS Risks Among Male, Heterose
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during that time, and the possibili
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All of these issues and considerati
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ecoming the norm for both male and
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the skin on his penis while having
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REFERENCES Ball, J.C., and Chambers
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Johnson, A.M.; Petherick, A.; David
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Vogt, M.W.; Craven, D.E.; Crawford,
Page 47 and 48:
transmission from males to females
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(this volume), there is little atte
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Clayton, R.; Voss, H.; Robbins, C.;
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Female Drug Abusers and the Context
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have the data but interpret it supe
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important to examine current studie
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found in this study was low socioec
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who trade sex for crack; and simila
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esponsibilities in perspective. Suc
Page 65 and 66: Robles and colleagues (1990) examin
Page 67 and 68: The lack of rational thought separa
Page 69 and 70: Factors Associated With Sexual Risk
Page 71 and 72: Factors Associated With Poverty A n
Page 73 and 74: encouraging such women to leave the
Page 75 and 76: Hispanic women but extramarital aff
Page 77 and 78: coherence—the sense that life is
Page 79 and 80: the change agent may be a crucial f
Page 81 and 82: Centers for Disease Control and Pre
Page 83 and 84: Jemmott, J.B.; Jemmott, L.S.; Spear
Page 85 and 86: O’Leary, A.; Celentano, D.; Maiba
Page 87 and 88: Drug Use and HIV Risk Among Gay and
Page 89 and 90: with 34.6 percent of gay men and 28
Page 91 and 92: found among both hustlers and call
Page 93 and 94: Substance Use and HIV-Transmitting
Page 95 and 96: TABLE 1. Prevalence of substance us
Page 97 and 98: less than 2 percent of participants
Page 99 and 100: TABLE 2. Quantity of alcohol use am
Page 101 and 102: A fourth study of gay/bisexual men,
Page 103 and 104: in mind, however, that most of the
Page 105 and 106: seropositivity and reported NMPD us
Page 107 and 108: interaction and education than men
Page 109 and 110: Geographic differences found in the
Page 111 and 112: that they are intending or desirous
Page 113 and 114: enough is known in general about th
Page 115: REFERENCES Calzavara, L.M.; Coates,
Page 119 and 120: Drug Use and HIV Risk Among Male Se
Page 121 and 122: prostitutes were HIV positive, as c
Page 123 and 124: Trade hustlers are usually heterose
Page 125 and 126: TABLE 1. Number of Completed Interv
Page 127 and 128: diagnosed slightly more often than
Page 129 and 130: TABLE 2. Injection Drug Use by Type
Page 131 and 132: By the 100th interview, the screeni
Page 133 and 134: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS In general,
Page 135 and 136: Plant, M. Sex work, alcohol, drugs
Page 137 and 138: HIV Risk in Drug-Using Adolescents
Page 139 and 140: AUTHOR Vincent L. Smeriglio, Ph.D.
Page 141 and 142: comprise 23 percent of all adolesce
Page 143 and 144: 232 (18 percent) of the cases; and
Page 145 and 146: Although these data provide an over
Page 147 and 148: Most of these were unprotected sexu
Page 149 and 150: national epidemiologic survey of hi
Page 151 and 152: Hawkins et al. 1992; Newcomb et al.
Page 153 and 154: higher rates of HIV/AIDS in adolesc
Page 155 and 156: Boyer, C.B. Psychosocial, behaviora
Page 157 and 158: Irwin, C.E., Jr., and Shafer, M.A.
Page 159 and 160: Zweig Greenberg, MS.; Singh, T.; Ht
Page 161 and 162: the types of intervention strategie
Page 163 and 164: from a study group of 52 youths who
Page 165 and 166: forearm during a sexual episode. At
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I was nice looking, like I can do a
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It is unclear whether the disinhibi
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continual sexual dysfunction was re
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TWEAKING, FREAKING, AND OVER-AMPING
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highway of love. It’s like, I’d
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Unprotected sexual activity is more
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alternatives and opportunities, and
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the night and food for the morning.
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7. also can help youths explore and
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Jessor, R., and Jessor, S.L. Proble
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AUTHORS Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus, P
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Brunswick goes on to discuss the le
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permission-giving introductions to
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conversion and perhaps even serocon
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TABLE 1. Ecological paradigm of con
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TECHNICAL ISSUES Technical issues i
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eliability. It seems obvious that q
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sometimes as many as three zip code
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Resources and effort are required t
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Brunswick, A.F.; Lewis, C.S.; and M
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The Context of Risk: Ethnographic C
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same meaning may be extended to dru
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THE CONTEXT OF RISK Context is an a
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hurried, and adequate needle cleani
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degrading sexual acts, poignantly m
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searched me and I had stashed the c
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REFERENCES Agar, M. The Professiona
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Ouellet, L. J.; Jimenez, A.D.; John
Page 223 and 224:
Assessing the Reliability and Valid
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TABLE 1. Sociodemographic profile o
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Table 2 shows percentage agreement
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FORENSIC TECHNIQUES TO DOCUMENT SEL
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cross-tabulated with dichotomous me
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TABLE 6. Relationship of question t
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aggravate self-presentation bias. T
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TABLE 8. Percent of subjects report
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intercourse, and since anal interco
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Future Directions for Studies on th
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abusers, and other variables are ne
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Behavior patterns can be clarified
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As Des Jarlais noted, designs and a
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strengths within a setting or indiv
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National Institute on While limited
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62 NEUROSCIENCE METHODS IN DRUG ABU
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89 BIOLOGICAL VULNERABILITY TO DRUG
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111 MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO DRUG AB
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127 PROGRESS AND ISSUES IN CASE MAN
Page 261:
NIH Publication No. 94-3750 Printed
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