The Context of HIV Risk Among Drug Users and Their Sexual Partners

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Remafedi, G. Sexually transmitted diseases in homosexual youth. In: Schydlower, M., and Shafer, M.A., eds. Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Review: AIDS and Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Vol. I(3). Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, Inc., 1990. pp. 565-582. Rosen, D.S.; Xiangdong, M.; and Blum, R.W. Adolescent health: Current trends and critical issues. In: Strasburger, V.C., and Greydanus, D.E., eds. Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews: The At-Risk Adolescent. Vol. I(1). Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, Inc., 1990. pp. 15-32. Rosenbaum, E., and Kandel, D.B. Early onset of adolescent sexual behavior and drug involvement. J Marriage Pam 52:783-798, 1990. Rosenfeld, W.D.; Vermund, S.H.; Wentz, S.J.; and Burke, R.D. High prevalence rate of human papillomavirus infection and association with abnormal Papanicolaou smears in sexually active adolescents. Am J Dis Child 143:1443-1447, 1989. Schwartz, S.K.; Bolan, G.A.; Fullilove, M.; McCright, J.; Fullilove, R.; Kohn, R.; and Rolfs, R.T. Crack cocaine and the exchange of sex for money or drugs: Risk factors for gonorrhea among black adolescents in San Francisco. Sex Transm Dis 19(1):7-13, 1992. Schydlower, M., and Shafer, M.A. Chlamydia trachomatis infections in adolescents. In: Schydlower, M., and Shafer, M.A., eds. Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Review, AIDS and Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Vol. I(3). Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, Inc., 1990. pp. 615-628. Shafer, M.A., and Sweet, R. Pelvic inflammatory disease in adolescent females. In: Schydlower, M., and Shafer, M.A., eds. Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews: AIDS and Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Vol. I(3). Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, Inc., 1990. pp. 545-563. Sonenstein, F.L.; Pleck, J.H.; and Ku, L.L. Sexual activity, condom use and AIDS awareness among adolescent males. Fam Plann Perspect 21:152-158, 1989. St. Louis, M.E.; Conway, G.A.; Hayman, C.R.; Miller, C.; Petersen, L.R.; and Dondero, T.J. Human immunodeficiency virus infection in disadvantaged adolescents: Findings from the U.S. Job Corps. JAMA 266:2387-2391, 1991. Talmadge, W.C. Premarital sexuality. In: L’Abate, L., ed. The Handbook of Family Psychology and Therapy. Homewood, IL: The Dorsey Press, 1985. 153
Zweig Greenberg, MS.; Singh, T.; Htoo, M.; and Schultz, S. The association between congenital syphilis and cocaine/crack use in New York City: A case-control study. Am J Public Health 81(10):1316- 1318, 199l. AUTHORS Cherrie B. Boyer, Ph.D. Health Psychologist and Assistant Adjunct Professor Jonathan M. Ellen, M.D. Senior Fellow Department of Pediatrics Division of Adolescent Medicine University of California, San Francisco 400 Parnassus Avenue, Room AC-01 San Francisco, CA 94143-0374 154
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National Institute on Drug Abuse RE
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT This monograph is ba
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Drug Use and HIV Risk Among Male Se
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Partners. The review was held April
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Inciardi, J.A.; Lockwood, D.; and P
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highlights the critical importance
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AUTHOR Richard H. Needle, Ph.D., M.
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Blower and colleagues (1991) have p
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Even in areas with low seroprevalen
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involves using a syringe to draw bl
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Hispanics were less likely to repor
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victimization through theft, violen
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sharing? When are needles deliberat
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Chitwood, D.D.; McCoy, C.B.; Inciar
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Page, J.B.; Smith, P.C.; and Kane,
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HIV/AIDS Risks Among Male, Heterose
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during that time, and the possibili
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All of these issues and considerati
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ecoming the norm for both male and
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the skin on his penis while having
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REFERENCES Ball, J.C., and Chambers
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Johnson, A.M.; Petherick, A.; David
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Vogt, M.W.; Craven, D.E.; Crawford,
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transmission from males to females
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(this volume), there is little atte
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Clayton, R.; Voss, H.; Robbins, C.;
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Female Drug Abusers and the Context
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have the data but interpret it supe
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important to examine current studie
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found in this study was low socioec
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who trade sex for crack; and simila
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esponsibilities in perspective. Suc
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Robles and colleagues (1990) examin
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The lack of rational thought separa
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Factors Associated With Sexual Risk
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Factors Associated With Poverty A n
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encouraging such women to leave the
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Hispanic women but extramarital aff
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coherence—the sense that life is
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the change agent may be a crucial f
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Centers for Disease Control and Pre
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Jemmott, J.B.; Jemmott, L.S.; Spear
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O’Leary, A.; Celentano, D.; Maiba
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Drug Use and HIV Risk Among Gay and
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with 34.6 percent of gay men and 28
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found among both hustlers and call
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Substance Use and HIV-Transmitting
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TABLE 1. Prevalence of substance us
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less than 2 percent of participants
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TABLE 2. Quantity of alcohol use am
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A fourth study of gay/bisexual men,
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in mind, however, that most of the
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seropositivity and reported NMPD us
Page 107 and 108: interaction and education than men
Page 109 and 110: Geographic differences found in the
Page 111 and 112: that they are intending or desirous
Page 113 and 114: enough is known in general about th
Page 115 and 116: REFERENCES Calzavara, L.M.; Coates,
Page 117 and 118: Ostrow, D.G.; Beltran, E.; Chmiel,
Page 119 and 120: Drug Use and HIV Risk Among Male Se
Page 121 and 122: prostitutes were HIV positive, as c
Page 123 and 124: Trade hustlers are usually heterose
Page 125 and 126: TABLE 1. Number of Completed Interv
Page 127 and 128: diagnosed slightly more often than
Page 129 and 130: TABLE 2. Injection Drug Use by Type
Page 131 and 132: By the 100th interview, the screeni
Page 133 and 134: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS In general,
Page 135 and 136: Plant, M. Sex work, alcohol, drugs
Page 137 and 138: HIV Risk in Drug-Using Adolescents
Page 139 and 140: AUTHOR Vincent L. Smeriglio, Ph.D.
Page 141 and 142: comprise 23 percent of all adolesce
Page 143 and 144: 232 (18 percent) of the cases; and
Page 145 and 146: Although these data provide an over
Page 147 and 148: Most of these were unprotected sexu
Page 149 and 150: national epidemiologic survey of hi
Page 151 and 152: Hawkins et al. 1992; Newcomb et al.
Page 153 and 154: higher rates of HIV/AIDS in adolesc
Page 155 and 156: Boyer, C.B. Psychosocial, behaviora
Page 157: Irwin, C.E., Jr., and Shafer, M.A.
Page 161 and 162: the types of intervention strategie
Page 163 and 164: from a study group of 52 youths who
Page 165 and 166: forearm during a sexual episode. At
Page 167 and 168: I was nice looking, like I can do a
Page 169 and 170: It is unclear whether the disinhibi
Page 171 and 172: continual sexual dysfunction was re
Page 173 and 174: TWEAKING, FREAKING, AND OVER-AMPING
Page 175 and 176: highway of love. It’s like, I’d
Page 177 and 178: Unprotected sexual activity is more
Page 179 and 180: alternatives and opportunities, and
Page 181 and 182: the night and food for the morning.
Page 183 and 184: 7. also can help youths explore and
Page 185 and 186: Jessor, R., and Jessor, S.L. Proble
Page 187 and 188: AUTHORS Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus, P
Page 189 and 190: Brunswick goes on to discuss the le
Page 191 and 192: permission-giving introductions to
Page 193 and 194: conversion and perhaps even serocon
Page 195 and 196: TABLE 1. Ecological paradigm of con
Page 197 and 198: TECHNICAL ISSUES Technical issues i
Page 199 and 200: eliability. It seems obvious that q
Page 201 and 202: sometimes as many as three zip code
Page 203 and 204: Resources and effort are required t
Page 205 and 206: Brunswick, A.F.; Lewis, C.S.; and M
Page 207 and 208: The Context of Risk: Ethnographic C
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same meaning may be extended to dru
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THE CONTEXT OF RISK Context is an a
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hurried, and adequate needle cleani
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degrading sexual acts, poignantly m
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searched me and I had stashed the c
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REFERENCES Agar, M. The Professiona
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Ouellet, L. J.; Jimenez, A.D.; John
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Assessing the Reliability and Valid
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TABLE 1. Sociodemographic profile o
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Table 2 shows percentage agreement
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FORENSIC TECHNIQUES TO DOCUMENT SEL
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cross-tabulated with dichotomous me
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TABLE 6. Relationship of question t
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aggravate self-presentation bias. T
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TABLE 8. Percent of subjects report
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intercourse, and since anal interco
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Future Directions for Studies on th
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abusers, and other variables are ne
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Behavior patterns can be clarified
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As Des Jarlais noted, designs and a
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strengths within a setting or indiv
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National Institute on While limited
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62 NEUROSCIENCE METHODS IN DRUG ABU
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89 BIOLOGICAL VULNERABILITY TO DRUG
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111 MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO DRUG AB
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127 PROGRESS AND ISSUES IN CASE MAN
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NIH Publication No. 94-3750 Printed
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The Context of HIV Risk Among Drug Users and Their Sexual Partners

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