The Context of HIV Risk Among Drug Users and Their Sexual Partners

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Valdiserri, R.O.; Arena, V.C.; Proctor, D.; and Bonati, F.A. The relationship between women’s attitudes about condoms and their use: Implications for condom promotion programs. Pub Health Briefs 79: 499-501, 1989. Weissman, G. “Working with Women at Risk: Experience From a National Prevention Research Program.” Plenary address presented at the Annual Training Institute, Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Mental Health Education Program, Detroit, MI, December 6, 1991. Weissman, G.; Brown, V.; and The National AIDS Research Consortium. Drug use and sexual behaviors among sex partners of injecting drugusers. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 40:855-860, 1991. Wyatt, G.E.; Peters, S.; and Guthrie, D. Kinsey revisited, I: Comparisons of sexual socialization and sexual behavior of White women over 33 years. Arch Sex Behav 17:201-239, 1988a. Wyatt, G.E.; Peters, S.; and Guthrie, D. Kinsey revisited, II: Comparisons of sexual socialization and sexual behavior of Black women over 33 years. Arch Sex Behav 17:289-332, 1988b. AUTHOR Ann O’Leary, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Psychology Rutgers University, Busch Campus New Brunswick, NJ 08903 81
Drug Use and HIV Risk Among Gay and Bisexual Men: An Overview Robert J. Battjes The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic was first identified among gay and bisexual men, and men who have sex with men still comprise the majority of persons with AIDS in the United States. Since the inception of the epidemic, 60 percent of AIDS cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have occurred among men who reported having sex with men, with 54 percent of AIDS cases occurring in men who reported sex with men but no injecting drug use, and 6 percent of cases occurring in men reporting dual risk behaviors of sex with men and injecting drug use (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1993). The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is the lead Federal agency for research on drug abuse aspects of AIDS. Thus, NIDA is concerned with AIDS associated with injecting drug use and also with the impact of noninjecting drug use on sexual risk behaviors and disease progression. This section of the monograph focuses on the relationship between drug use and HIV risk among gay and bisexual men.’ In planning this section of the technical review, Battjes, Sloboda, and Grace recognized the importance of focusing on two distinct subgroups of gay and bisexual men: noninjecting drug users (non-IDUs) whose drug use may contribute to their sexual HIV risk, and gay and bisexual men who also were IDUs. Ostrow was asked to focus on the first group, non-IDUs. Unfortunately, with regard to the second group (gay and bisexual IDUs), little research has been conducted except for that focused on injecting drug use among male prostitutes. Therefore, Waldorf was asked to focus on drug use and HIV risk among male prostitutes. It was decided to briefly highlight the HIV risk of other gay and bisexual IDUs in this section introduction. In addition to the two chapters in this section, the chapter by Rotheram- Borus and colleagues in the section on HIV risk among adolescents focuses on high-risk gay and bisexual adolescent males who chronically abuse drugs, often including injecting drug use, and engage in sex to obtain drugs and as a means of survival. 82
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National Institute on Drug Abuse RE
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT This monograph is ba
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Drug Use and HIV Risk Among Male Se
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Partners. The review was held April
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Inciardi, J.A.; Lockwood, D.; and P
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highlights the critical importance
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AUTHOR Richard H. Needle, Ph.D., M.
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Blower and colleagues (1991) have p
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Even in areas with low seroprevalen
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involves using a syringe to draw bl
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Hispanics were less likely to repor
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victimization through theft, violen
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sharing? When are needles deliberat
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Chitwood, D.D.; McCoy, C.B.; Inciar
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Page, J.B.; Smith, P.C.; and Kane,
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HIV/AIDS Risks Among Male, Heterose
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during that time, and the possibili
Page 35 and 36: All of these issues and considerati
Page 37 and 38: ecoming the norm for both male and
Page 39 and 40: the skin on his penis while having
Page 41 and 42: REFERENCES Ball, J.C., and Chambers
Page 43 and 44: Johnson, A.M.; Petherick, A.; David
Page 45 and 46: Vogt, M.W.; Craven, D.E.; Crawford,
Page 47 and 48: transmission from males to females
Page 49 and 50: (this volume), there is little atte
Page 51 and 52: Clayton, R.; Voss, H.; Robbins, C.;
Page 53 and 54: Female Drug Abusers and the Context
Page 55 and 56: have the data but interpret it supe
Page 57 and 58: important to examine current studie
Page 59 and 60: found in this study was low socioec
Page 61 and 62: who trade sex for crack; and simila
Page 63 and 64: esponsibilities in perspective. Suc
Page 65 and 66: Robles and colleagues (1990) examin
Page 67 and 68: The lack of rational thought separa
Page 69 and 70: Factors Associated With Sexual Risk
Page 71 and 72: Factors Associated With Poverty A n
Page 73 and 74: encouraging such women to leave the
Page 75 and 76: Hispanic women but extramarital aff
Page 77 and 78: coherence—the sense that life is
Page 79 and 80: the change agent may be a crucial f
Page 81 and 82: Centers for Disease Control and Pre
Page 83 and 84: Jemmott, J.B.; Jemmott, L.S.; Spear
Page 85: O’Leary, A.; Celentano, D.; Maiba
Page 89 and 90: with 34.6 percent of gay men and 28
Page 91 and 92: found among both hustlers and call
Page 93 and 94: Substance Use and HIV-Transmitting
Page 95 and 96: TABLE 1. Prevalence of substance us
Page 97 and 98: less than 2 percent of participants
Page 99 and 100: TABLE 2. Quantity of alcohol use am
Page 101 and 102: A fourth study of gay/bisexual men,
Page 103 and 104: in mind, however, that most of the
Page 105 and 106: seropositivity and reported NMPD us
Page 107 and 108: interaction and education than men
Page 109 and 110: Geographic differences found in the
Page 111 and 112: that they are intending or desirous
Page 113 and 114: enough is known in general about th
Page 115 and 116: REFERENCES Calzavara, L.M.; Coates,
Page 117 and 118: Ostrow, D.G.; Beltran, E.; Chmiel,
Page 119 and 120: Drug Use and HIV Risk Among Male Se
Page 121 and 122: prostitutes were HIV positive, as c
Page 123 and 124: Trade hustlers are usually heterose
Page 125 and 126: TABLE 1. Number of Completed Interv
Page 127 and 128: diagnosed slightly more often than
Page 129 and 130: TABLE 2. Injection Drug Use by Type
Page 131 and 132: By the 100th interview, the screeni
Page 133 and 134: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS In general,
Page 135 and 136: Plant, M. Sex work, alcohol, drugs
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HIV Risk in Drug-Using Adolescents
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AUTHOR Vincent L. Smeriglio, Ph.D.
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comprise 23 percent of all adolesce
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232 (18 percent) of the cases; and
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Although these data provide an over
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Most of these were unprotected sexu
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national epidemiologic survey of hi
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Hawkins et al. 1992; Newcomb et al.
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higher rates of HIV/AIDS in adolesc
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Boyer, C.B. Psychosocial, behaviora
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Irwin, C.E., Jr., and Shafer, M.A.
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Zweig Greenberg, MS.; Singh, T.; Ht
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the types of intervention strategie
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from a study group of 52 youths who
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forearm during a sexual episode. At
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I was nice looking, like I can do a
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It is unclear whether the disinhibi
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continual sexual dysfunction was re
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TWEAKING, FREAKING, AND OVER-AMPING
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highway of love. It’s like, I’d
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Unprotected sexual activity is more
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alternatives and opportunities, and
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the night and food for the morning.
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7. also can help youths explore and
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Jessor, R., and Jessor, S.L. Proble
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AUTHORS Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus, P
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Brunswick goes on to discuss the le
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permission-giving introductions to
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conversion and perhaps even serocon
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TABLE 1. Ecological paradigm of con
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TECHNICAL ISSUES Technical issues i
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eliability. It seems obvious that q
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sometimes as many as three zip code
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Resources and effort are required t
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Brunswick, A.F.; Lewis, C.S.; and M
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The Context of Risk: Ethnographic C
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same meaning may be extended to dru
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THE CONTEXT OF RISK Context is an a
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hurried, and adequate needle cleani
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degrading sexual acts, poignantly m
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searched me and I had stashed the c
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REFERENCES Agar, M. The Professiona
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Ouellet, L. J.; Jimenez, A.D.; John
Page 223 and 224:
Assessing the Reliability and Valid
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TABLE 1. Sociodemographic profile o
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Table 2 shows percentage agreement
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FORENSIC TECHNIQUES TO DOCUMENT SEL
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cross-tabulated with dichotomous me
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TABLE 6. Relationship of question t
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aggravate self-presentation bias. T
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TABLE 8. Percent of subjects report
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intercourse, and since anal interco
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Future Directions for Studies on th
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abusers, and other variables are ne
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Behavior patterns can be clarified
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As Des Jarlais noted, designs and a
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strengths within a setting or indiv
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National Institute on While limited
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62 NEUROSCIENCE METHODS IN DRUG ABU
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89 BIOLOGICAL VULNERABILITY TO DRUG
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111 MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO DRUG AB
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127 PROGRESS AND ISSUES IN CASE MAN
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NIH Publication No. 94-3750 Printed
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