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Malaysia Water Research Journal The exploitation condition of groundwater resource Interaction intensity between surfacewater and groundwater Groundwater hydraulic gradient (I) Possible influence zone width of surfacewater under the condition of groundwater exploitation (L) Permeability of riverbed layer (R) Groundwater Level (D) 0.10 0.10 0.30 0.10 0.10 0.10 The main reasons for index weight are explained as follows. (1) The sum of evaluation index weight is equal to 1 by value assignment. The index weight of water quantity, water quality and interaction intensity between surface water and groundwater each accounts for 0.3 of total weight individually, and this allotment reflected the aim and decisive factors of RBF suitability evaluation of the study site. The index weight of development and utilization conditions of groundwater resources only account for 0.1 of total weight, because the factor will influence groundwater development cost and help to confirm the priority, but it is not a decisive factor for RBF suitability evaluation. (2) For the index of water quantity, the groundwater index accounts for 0.20 and surface water index accounts for 0.1, because the water source of RBF waterworks comes from riverside groundwater and surface water via bank filtration. Hydraulic conductivity and aquifer thickness influence the infiltration rate and capacity of surface water to aquifer. (3) For water quality, the index weight of groundwater and surface water are equal to 0.15. The groundwater quality only indicates the current status and treatment effect of RBF. In order to avoid any possible groundwater contamination from surface water, the treatment effect of RBF should not be addressed too much and the surface water quality should not be neglected. (4) The interaction intensity between surface water and groundwater controls the water exchange efficiency. Only those places within the influence zone of surface water, the aquifer prone to receiving sufficient water quantity through RBF, the permeability of riverbed layer controls the real water exchange rate and the groundwater hydraulic gradient partly reflects the real condition of aquifer property. (5) The index weight of groundwater depth accounts for 0.1, because it will only influence the priority order of potential RBF areas. 152 Institut Penyelidikan Hidraulik Kebangsaan Malaysia (NAHRIM) National Hydraulic Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM)
3.2.1. Water Quantity 3.2.1.1 Hydraulic Conductivity (K) Malaysia Water Research Journal Aquifer hydraulic conductivity (K) reflects lithology and permeability of an aquifer. The index value of hydraulic conductivity is shown in Table 3. Table 3. Index value of Hydraulic conductivity (K) K (m/d) >100 100-50 50-20 20-5 5-1 1-0.1 50 30-50 10-30 5-10 3-5 1-3
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