VGB POWERTECH 10 (2020) - International Journal for Generation and Storage of Electricity and Heat

VGB PowerTech 10 l 2020
Implementation of Basic Requirement in harmonized product standards
Leachate
demin. water
S 0 , J
Monolithic construction
products
Test specimen
e. g. sheet/plate
200 x 200 mm 2
Vessel
(e. g. glass)
Fig. 2. Test method for monolithic products
(dynamic surface leaching test)
according to [8, 10].
ganic substances from monolithic (e.g. ceramic
tiles, concrete, cement stabilized
coal fly ash for road base) or, respectively,
granular construction products (principles
see F i g u r e 2 and F i g u r e 3 ). The standards
are available as Technical Specification
(TS) [10, 11]. The specification for
monolithic construction products was already
published in 2014, the one for granular
construction products in 2016 due to a
longer negotiation phase. In detail, the following
CEN/TSs are published:
––
CEN/TS 16637-1: Construction products
– Assessment of release of dangerous
substances – Part 1: Guidance for the determination
of leaching tests and additional
testing steps (2014), [9];
––
CEN/TS 16637-2: Construction products
– Assessment of release of dangerous
substances – Part 2: Horizontal dynamic
surface leaching test (2014), [10];
––
CEN/TS 16637-3: Construction products
– Assessment of release of dangerous
substances – Part 3: Horizontal up-flow
percolation test (2016), [11].
Before the test methods can achieve the status
of European Standards (EN), robustness
testing and as a second validation
step round robin tests are necessary. The
robustness programmes, where the sensitivity
of changes in test parameters (e.g.
temperature, air exchange rate (indoor),
flow rate (soil and water), fineness of
the granular products (soil and water),
etc.) on the result of a release test were successfully
finalized. The validation procedure
based on round robin tests was combined
for both procedures and for the
standards on content and eluate analysis
developed in parallel and has been finished
in the beginning of 2020. Consequently, the
test protocols are now ready for conversion
into ENs to be available within the next two
years.
Another method handles the testing of the
release of volatile organic compounds into
Granular construction
products
Fig. 3. Test method for granular products
(upflow column percolation test)
according to [8, 11].
indoor air. For testing radioactivity a horizontal
test standard was developed and
published as FprCEN/TS 17216 [12] which
will become an EN after validation. Also
a method on dose assessment of emitted
gamma radiation from construction
product was developed and published as
CEN/TR 17113 [13], and a tender regarding
the drafting of an EN was recently released.
BWR 3 in product standards –
CEN TC 104/WG 4 – status of
discussion
CEN/TC 104/WG 4 is responsible for revision
of EN 450-1 for Fly ash for Concrete
[14] and started the discussion on the implementation
of existing notified regulations.
Up to now there are no general limit
values for the release of dangerous substances
into ground water, marine waters,
surface waters or soil. There are only two
EU countries, Germany and the Netherlands,
which have notified regulations
placed on DG GROWTH website (http://
ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/cpds/index_en.htm)
[7]. The data base entries
and answers to an enquiry were compiled
in a first draft background report
consisting of environmental regulations for
fly ash in Europe [15].
In Germany, the proof of the environmental
compatibility of fly ash according to DIN
EN 450-1 is was given by a national approval
serving as a technical proof to demonstrate
compliance with the environmental
requirements for fly ash. A regular testing
was required for fly ash from
co-combustion. For fly ash from coal only
no tests are required. This differentiation is
due to the possibility of introducing dangerous
substances by using co-combustion
materials.
Due to a judgement of the European Court
of Justice (CJEU C-100/13 from 16th October
2014) regarding additional requirements
for products covered by hEN Germany
had to change the construction regulations.
On 31st August 2017, the German building
authority (DIBt) has published the “(model)
Administrative Provision – Technical
Building Rules” (Muster-Verwaltungsvorschrift
Technische Baubestimmungen
(M-VV-TB)) which include “Requirements
on constructions regarding impact on soil
and water” (ABuG) specifying requirements
on constructions regarding environmental
protection which by now were
regulated in national technical approvals
[16].
A regular testing regarding BWR 3 is further
required when fly ash is obtained from
co-combustion (see Ta b l e 1 ). For fly ash
from coal only and from co-combustion of
up to 5 % by mass of sewage sludge no tests
are required due to proofs over the last
20 years. With the revised provision dated
2019 the same is furnace bottom ash. As
the ABuG defines requirements only, a
guideline of the German Committee for
Structural Concrete (DAfStb) on the “Use
of siliceous fly ash and bottom ash in concrete
components in contact with soil,
groundwater or rainfall” was prepared.
The guideline is notified and publicly
available (in German language) [17]. The
inclusion into the MVV TB has been requested.
With this guideline, an applicable, recognised
technical rule was developed according
to which technical documentation can
be carried out with the involvement of a
body qualified in accordance with Article
43 of the Construction Products Regulation.
The guideline provides the details for
initial type, autocontrol and third party
testing as well as for single value exceedances.
The conformity evaluation consists
in autocontrol testing of the producer and
third party control (by parties accredited
for this test). The autocontrol testing has to
include at least the requirements according
EN 450-2. In addition, for fly ash from cocombustion
specific parameters have to be
tested once a month (at present) in autocontrol
and twice a year in the third party
control [17].
In the Netherlands, building materials that
are used have to fulfil the requirements of
the Decree on Soil Quality [18] (the former
Building Materials Decree). The decree
gives limit values for the maximum
leaching of inorganic compounds and for
the maximum content of organic compounds
(see Ta b l e 2 ). The leaching behaviour
has to be tested with the upflow
column percolation test for unbound materials
or with the tank test for bound materials
like concrete and bricks which in most
cases is a surface-related diffusion process.
Leaching of final products has to be tested
on a regular base. So, in the case of fly
ash for concrete, concrete has to be tested
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