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7.7. Conclusion . . . . . . . 148 Chapter 8. The Divinisation of History and the Duality of Justice 8.1. Introduction . . . . . . . 150 8.2. Critical Perspectives on Koch’s use of the Bhagavad Gita . 151 8.2.1. Intertextual Distortions, Third World Anti-heroes, and Sacrificial Scapegoats . . . . 152 8.2.2. The ‘Oedipus’ Interpretation . . . . 156 8.2.3. A Mischievous Synthesis of Eastern and Western Myth . 158 8.3. Eastern Philosophical Keys to the Australian Puzzle . . 161 8.3.1. The Bhagavad Gita and the Spirit of Re-enchantment . 161 8.3.2. Time and Destiny . . . . . 165 8.3.3. The Four World Ages . . . . . 167 8.4. Billy Kwan, the Bhagavad Gita, and the Fractured Soul . . 169 8.4.1. Billy Kwan’s Sacred Battle for the Soul . . . 170 8.4.2. Billy’s Spiritual Victory . . . . 173 8.4.3. The Dilemma of Righteous Action in the Mahabharata and The Gospels . . . . . 177 8.5. Conclusion . . . . . . . 182 Chapter 9. The Divine Feminine 9.1. Introduction . . . . . . . 184 9.2. C. J. Koch’s Fascination with the Divine Feminine . . 184 9.3. Parvati and Durga: Good Wife, Nourishing Mother, Formidable Protectress . . . . . . 189 9.4. Kali: the Great Dancer of Creation and Destruction . . 191 9.5. Ilsa Kalnins’ Micro-Cosmic Dance . . . . 193 9.6. Ly Keang, Koch’s Female Warrior . . . . 195 9.7. Dream, Sleep, and the Creative Act . . . . 196 9.8. Vera: Billy Kwan’s White Sister of Bliss and Disorder . . 198 9.9. Sri Lakshmi . . . . . . . 202 9.10. The Apsarasas . . . . . . . 205 9.10.1. Guardian Angels Caught in the Storm . . . 206 9.10.2. Ly Keang—Langford’s ‘Other Half’. . . . 208 9.11. The Goddess as Time and Change . . . . 214 9.12. Conclusion . . . . . . . 216 Chapter 10. The Masks of Personality 10.1. Introduction . . . . . . . 217 - vii -
10.2. Eastern and Western Concepts of ‘Personality’ . . . 218 10.3. d’Alpuget’s Bestiary . . . . . . 223 10.3.1. The Three Gunas . . . . . 223 10.3.2. ‘Brutalised’ Characters . . . . . 225 10.3.3. Sutrisno—Java’s ‘Coming Man’ . . . 231 10.3.4. d’Alpuget’s ‘Conflict between Differing Consciences’ . 234 10.4. Koch’s Masks . . . . . . . 238 10.4.1 Koch’s ‘Dehumanising Search for Paradise’ . . 238 10.4.2. The Masks of Evil . . . . . 244 10.4.2.1. The Crow . . . . . 245 10.4.2.2. The ‘People Over There’, and the War on the Edge of Reality . . 248 10.4.2.3. The Ogres . . . . . 249 10.4.2.4. Vietnamese Forces of dharma. . . 251 10.4.2.5. Les Autres—Dehumanised Soldiers of the Dark Age 253 10.5. Conclusion . . . . . . . 255 Chapter 11 The Masks of Doubles 11.1. Introduction . . . . . . . 257 11.2. d’Alpuget’s Australo-Asian Sacred Biography . . . 258 11.2.1. The Spiritual Journey of Alex Wheatfield and Her ‘Dark Brother’ . . . . . 259 11.2.2. The Kiss of Betrayal . . . . . 265 11.3. C. J. Koch’s Eclectic Heroic Construction . . . 267 11.3.1. Guy Hamilton . . . . . . 268 11.3.2. Billy Kwan . . . . . . 270 11.3.2.1. The Masks of Kwan . . . . 270 11.3.2.2. The Dwarf . . . . . 272 11.3.2.2.1. The Disfigured, Noble ‘Other’ . 273 11.3.2.2.2. The Deified ‘Other’ . . . 275 11.3.2.2.3. Billy Kwan’s Mythopoeic, Intertextually Constructed Self . 276 11.3.2.3. The Caste War . . . . 278 11.4. Billy Kwan and Guy Hamilton—Koch’s Heroic Double . . 281 11.4.1. The Deceiving Search for Identity . . . 281 11.4.2. The ‘Noosphere’, and the Metaphor of the Chariot . 283 11.4.3. Koch’s ‘Double Man’ as Consummate Hero . . 285 - viii -
Page 1 and 2: Australian Reflections in a Mirror
Page 3 and 4: This book is dedicated to Colonel G
Page 5 and 6: Regeneration zu finden, von denen s
Page 7 and 8: Landschaft und die offensichtlich l
Page 9: Chapter 4. The Cliché as Writer’
Page 13 and 14: List of Abbreviations ABS Australia
Page 15 and 16: dharma (2) In the Jainist ontology,
Page 17 and 18: 1.1. The Initial Dilemma Introducti
Page 19 and 20: Put into an Asian context, the ambi
Page 21 and 22: The mirror is the symbol of the tru
Page 23 and 24: humdrum seedinesses can be tricked
Page 25 and 26: ustling markets and streets, the in
Page 27 and 28: With the end of the period of colon
Page 29 and 30: to the faith she so sorely lacks. U
Page 31 and 32: from the Asian point of view. This
Page 33 and 34: closely in spite of the West’s re
Page 35 and 36: 2.1. Introduction The Historical En
Page 37 and 38: Wales and the rise of the English E
Page 39 and 40: Colonial Australia, therefore, was
Page 41 and 42: The typically 19 th century feeling
Page 43 and 44: Asians were subject to discriminati
Page 45 and 46: lame. The American heroic, paternal
Page 47 and 48: evidenced by the invasion scare nov
Page 49 and 50: 2.7. The Coming Man Faced with this
Page 51 and 52: exposed to Asian plagues and predat
Page 53 and 54: Australian aid (Levy, 71). On the o
Page 55 and 56: predictable under the prevailing ci
Page 57 and 58: which, among many other divisive ef
Page 59 and 60: emarks, so was the threatening indu
Page 61 and 62:
2.12. Conclusion In any case, inter
Page 63 and 64:
3.1. Introduction The Literary Trad
Page 65 and 66:
On the other hand, the incomplete s
Page 67 and 68:
States for a new role model, and Am
Page 69 and 70:
is the stereotypical Ah Sing, but P
Page 71 and 72:
Killing two racial birds with one s
Page 73 and 74:
pictured as more egalitarian, and y
Page 75 and 76:
of Australian writers in Asia. Some
Page 77 and 78:
India—an Ozzy encountering for th
Page 79 and 80:
3.9 Conclusion The marvelling, femi
Page 81 and 82:
One really can get lost, Singh adds
Page 83 and 84:
4.2. The Queen of Cliché Blanche d
Page 85 and 86:
D’Alpuget writes that this prejud
Page 87 and 88:
where the neo-colonialist industrie
Page 89 and 90:
officials that Australians love to
Page 91 and 92:
esenting the servants, who are trea
Page 93 and 94:
are spoken under the breath, and in
Page 95 and 96:
its ‘fixity’ and ‘phantasmati
Page 97 and 98:
The lingering images of the Orienta
Page 99 and 100:
that they lack ‘at-one-ment’. J
Page 101 and 102:
Judith’s condescension of Minou,
Page 103 and 104:
Wilkes has failed to navigate the d
Page 105 and 106:
the seemingly foreign elements of t
Page 107 and 108:
which would never be accepted in a
Page 109 and 110:
Jakarta’s street lights were grow
Page 111 and 112:
link with Koch’s story in which h
Page 113 and 114:
when he introduces the grim slums o
Page 115 and 116:
Alice realises ‘what an ignorant
Page 117 and 118:
the last vestiges of his curry, sat
Page 119 and 120:
harm. Its children are more numerou
Page 121 and 122:
nonsense is revealed to be far more
Page 123 and 124:
a lofty calmness and lets the other
Page 125 and 126:
disarming smile, as Cookie remember
Page 127 and 128:
wonders how all of the strange thin
Page 129 and 130:
mediaeval history, in which the dwa
Page 131 and 132:
apparently drugs Hamilton, and ques
Page 133 and 134:
dwarfs; and the leader, Captain Dan
Page 135 and 136:
6.1. Introduction The Circular Path
Page 137 and 138:
in her both through her ancestry an
Page 139 and 140:
eader first to identify with the pr
Page 141 and 142:
Everything about the festival is se
Page 143 and 144:
Australia in comparison seem reacti
Page 145 and 146:
girl—stank’, another jibe at Au
Page 147 and 148:
theatre where their expectations ar
Page 149 and 150:
The final matter dealt with is the
Page 151 and 152:
djanturan, sets the scene and mood
Page 153 and 154:
screen, subtle structures and metap
Page 155 and 156:
perfectly alus of the brothers. ‘
Page 157 and 158:
Koch maintains the distinction betw
Page 159 and 160:
word warrior against the manifestat
Page 161 and 162:
sided screen for viewing the wayang
Page 163 and 164:
Alice’s looking-glass world, thes
Page 165 and 166:
illumination in the bar, projecting
Page 167 and 168:
the Bhagavad Gita and the other in
Page 169 and 170:
Bhagavad Gita’s poet(s); and thir
Page 171 and 172:
analysis that Billy is finally tota
Page 173 and 174:
fiction he becomes a ‘pseudo-Oedi
Page 175 and 176:
journalists’ ‘confessions’, a
Page 177 and 178:
her sense of identity becomes, if a
Page 179 and 180:
discussion when he asks Guy Hamilto
Page 181 and 182:
mind. As Tacey argues, man must see
Page 183 and 184:
8.3.3. The Four World Ages Before d
Page 185 and 186:
8.4. Billy Kwan, the Bhagavad Gita,
Page 187 and 188:
triumph with that of being used (YL
Page 189 and 190:
his files: ‘The Muslims can do no
Page 191 and 192:
Billy Kwan must loosen his attachme
Page 193 and 194:
The question is whether it is a sac
Page 195 and 196:
him; and without him was not any th
Page 197 and 198:
is the message which Billy Kwan fin
Page 199 and 200:
elationships which survive and rais
Page 201 and 202:
the purposes of metaphor and symbol
Page 203 and 204:
Australian to cope with (Koch, 1987
Page 205 and 206:
concerns’ (Frye, 88-89). A centra
Page 207 and 208:
correspondent is nevertheless impos
Page 209 and 210:
Yet, Kwan is described as if enteri
Page 211 and 212:
O’Brien unwillingly discovers thr
Page 213 and 214:
Male and female, god and goddess, a
Page 215 and 216:
characteristic technique of the way
Page 217 and 218:
must understand Vera’s role in Du
Page 219 and 220:
her qualities of beauty, lustre, gl
Page 221 and 222:
position of the supreme divine prin
Page 223 and 224:
Loved, I suppose.’ He will later
Page 225 and 226:
365). He also says she is ‘a youn
Page 227 and 228:
amusing first portrait of Keang, sh
Page 229 and 230:
e the moment when Keang herself rea
Page 231 and 232:
of an age of cosmic disorder ruled
Page 233 and 234:
10.1. Introduction The Masks of Per
Page 235 and 236:
unconcerned being (Zimmer, 236). Th
Page 237 and 238:
Finally, the Eastern view is an int
Page 239 and 240:
10.3. D’Alpuget’s Bestiary Blan
Page 241 and 242:
Seeking to escape the Triple World
Page 243 and 244:
Brothers, who exercised dominance o
Page 245 and 246:
‘Ooooh, Miss Alex. It is very bad
Page 247 and 248:
the Hotel Indonesia where the Weste
Page 249 and 250:
As the novel begins, the last survi
Page 251 and 252:
while for an Easterner the masks on
Page 253 and 254:
differences between ‘Eastern and
Page 255 and 256:
lecher who dares the demonic prosti
Page 257 and 258:
suggestions he visit the cemetery h
Page 259 and 260:
And yet, Cookie describes the Wayan
Page 261 and 262:
men (and sometimes animals and plan
Page 263 and 264:
want to do good, he argues, but ‘
Page 265 and 266:
empty, yellow-and-green dish of lan
Page 267 and 268:
What must not be forgotten, however
Page 269 and 270:
He has a simple ‘broad brown coun
Page 271 and 272:
tale of the nausea and spasms from
Page 273 and 274:
11.1. Introduction The Masks of Dou
Page 275 and 276:
journey of Alexandra Wheatfield. On
Page 277 and 278:
One of the most striking features o
Page 279 and 280:
an action which is key to distingui
Page 281 and 282:
prompting her to prove her mettle a
Page 283 and 284:
stereotyping, whether subtle or ove
Page 285 and 286:
type of man who ‘walks a stage, f
Page 287 and 288:
dossiers. While it is not correct t
Page 289 and 290:
inwardly wise and powerful, figure.
Page 291 and 292:
11.3.2.2.2. The Deified ‘Other’
Page 293 and 294:
... a fat, hunch-backed, bald old m
Page 295 and 296:
or to one’s will, B. M. Matilal p
Page 297 and 298:
One cannot fully consider Billy Kwa
Page 299 and 300:
helplessness in the relationship be
Page 301 and 302:
vision, Kwan is called ‘Hamilton
Page 303 and 304:
only dream about. At each crucial m
Page 305 and 306:
Having certified, in this admittedl
Page 307 and 308:
kulit puppets, he is ending his wor
Page 309 and 310:
12.1. Introduction Encountering the
Page 311 and 312:
The prevailing attitudes manifested
Page 313 and 314:
There was no sexual interest to be
Page 315 and 316:
The feeling of isolation and barren
Page 317 and 318:
the Sea Wall, about a young Austral
Page 319 and 320:
Koch completes his image of these e
Page 321 and 322:
Feng onto the river. As the one wor
Page 323 and 324:
trickery or magic, a diplomatic fea
Page 325 and 326:
NVA’s central headquarters for So
Page 327 and 328:
exhausted and ill from the long, fo
Page 329 and 330:
serve to remind us of the debt owed
Page 331 and 332:
own vast and, in context of the sur
Page 333 and 334:
his rebel headquarters to soften th
Page 335 and 336:
darkness in you: she who turns time
Page 337 and 338:
dream. Langford more than the other
Page 339 and 340:
hammer, the symbol of creative powe
Page 341 and 342:
direct association with ‘word’
Page 343 and 344:
He waited in the darkness behind my
Page 345 and 346:
12.11. Conclusion This conviction i
Page 347 and 348:
es explicanda, and the last point w
Page 349 and 350:
a figment of the discussion and ana
Page 351 and 352:
suppression of perceptions of the A
Page 353 and 354:
Aubrey Hardwick expresses the conve
Page 355 and 356:
active qualities, as seen with Jim
Page 357 and 358:
overwhelmed by the antagonistic for
Page 359 and 360:
A single betjak man had separated h
Page 361 and 362:
feel, we children of the old Domini
Page 363 and 364:
coming in from the country, with al
Page 365 and 366:
Westerners are not exempted from th
Page 367 and 368:
Harvey Drummond describes the stran
Page 369 and 370:
The Bodhisattva, then, is one who i
Page 371 and 372:
formulae. Jim Feng identifies it in
Page 373 and 374:
taken seriously. Koch resorts to an
Page 375 and 376:
the present and into the future dep
Page 377 and 378:
which is to say spiritually alive.
Page 379 and 380:
In the tropics, the pane through wh
Page 381 and 382:
At this moment Langford’s luck ch
Page 383 and 384:
India to animal sacrifice, ‘tampe
Page 385 and 386:
and finally to his readiness to exp
Page 387 and 388:
Concluding Remarks This study has t
Page 389 and 390:
List of Works Cited Abrams, Dominic
Page 391 and 392:
Gehrmann, Richard. ‘The Rising Su
Page 393 and 394:
Mascaró, Juan, trans. and introd.
Page 395:
Singh, Karan. ‘The Message of the
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