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- L28 materials, fruits, hunting, and trsditional npdicines. If the centrel and highest portio,ns of i"i";A are bft'witn--6riit primeval vegetation little modified, these vital feetures of island life will be to sore extent preserved. REFERENCES Alston, A S. 1982. Timbers of Fiji: pr@erties and potential uses. Department of Forestryt ' Swa, Fiji' Eddoures, P. a 1977. Cunmercial timbers of Papua New Guinea, their properties and uses' Office of Fcests, D€PartnEnt of Primary lndustry, P+ua New Guinea' Gorera, S. 1976. Sane common treeg of the New Hebrides end their vernacular narnes. Muten, K. D, srd B. R. Thomson. 1980. Solomon lslend Forqpiry Division^Research Reports I - tZiAO, f# s6tv-ics' ot pecies 1980. (Cycloetyled report) Forestry Division, Ministry of Lmde, Energy and Natural Resourceg, Hctiara, Solomon lslands' Solornon Islands Timber Bmktet No. I: Major speciee, end Timber Booklet No' 2" Minor --ipr"ir". 1929. Fcestry Di"irion, Ministry of Lande, Energy and Natural Resources, Honiara' Solsnon Islands. Solomon Islards Trrpical Rain Foreet Ecology Research Report 512179.. _1979. (Cycloetyled report) Faestry Division, Ministry of t-]-0", Energy end Natural Resources, Hmiaret Solomon Islands. Whitmore, T. C. 1974. Changes with time and the role of cyclones in tropical rain forest on Kotomb;ngara, Solomon Is6nds. Commonweelth Forestry Institute Paper No' 48' Oxford UniveraitY.
- L29 MIi.IERAL POTENTIAL tr THE SOUTHWEST PACIFIC ISLAN)s l-l L. Davier Bureau of Mineral Resources GPO Box 378, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia ABSTRACT The islands of the South Pacific produce minerals worth about one bitlion dollars each yean. Chief revenue earners are the large porphyry copper-gold mine at Panguna on Bougainville lsland in Papua New Guinea, the nickel mines of New Caledonia' and the phosphete exported from Nauru. Metals whieh heve been produced in the pastr from these and other islands, include gold and ailver, bae metalsr antimony, cobalt, ehromium, manganese and magnesile; other known net,als and minerals include mercury, molybdenum, coel, hydrocarbons and probably uranium. In the immediate future a second large porphyry copper-gold mine will come into being in Papua New Guinea, at Ok Tedi neer the lrian Jaya border. Other likely developments include the discovery of commercial accumulations of hydrocarbons in Papua New Guinea, and possibly in Tonga and Fiji; the discovery and/or development of other gold, silver, base nntal, nickel, cobalt, chromium and phosphate depositsr in response to more thorough or sophistieated exploration, on impnoved metal prices; the betLer definition and possibb commercial developnrnt of known deposits of bauxite, coal, mineral sands and netdl-rich ea floor nodulee; and the possible discovery of trErcury and tungsten minerals, platinum group metalsr rnetals of the carbonatite association, see floor volcanic vent minerals, diamonds, uranium and precious coral. Introduction The great expanse of the waters of the southwest Pacific concealg a sea floor which is remarkable for its configuration of ridges, trenches, plalforms, basins and ramounts (Figurr f). It is these features which indirecily control the distribution of mineral and petrolLum wealth amongst the island groups and it is only from an understanding of the naturc rrd origin of these features, coupled with a knowledge of discovered regourees, that a reasoned assessrnent of mineral potential may be drawn. Tfese geomorphic features heve developed by continued interection between the Australian and Pacific lithospheric plates. Preeont-day seismicity (Figure 2) indicates that the boundary between the two platee is epproximately on the line Kermadec-Tmge-Vanuatu-Solomon lslands-northern New Guinea. In the past the boundary haa lein closer to Australie, but hae moved away es sagnnnts of the Australian creton have broken away by rifting and qening of, for exarnple, the Coral Sea md Teinen bacins Interacticn between the platas has led to the growth of new land msasr by voleenirm linked with $bduction, or by collision (Figure 3). Collision (rcura when thick low-deneity cruet enters a rubduction system and cannot be drawn down into the lower bvels of the earth beceuse of its innate buoyancy. Tle result is mulliple thrusting end the enrergence of e complex terrain which includes elements of volcanic, sedirnentary, [rtarnorphic, igneoua md lower crustal end mantle rocks.
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@) UtIITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROG
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a' a @) UNITED NATIONS ENVI RONMENT
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L -iii- CONTENTS SOUTH PACIFIC REGI
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-I SOTJTH PACIFTC REGIO{
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TI-E SOUTH PACIFIC REGIOT.IAL ENVIR
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Immediate priorities -5 The Action
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DEVELOPMENT THEORIES IN THE PACIFIC
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-9 On the other hand, if any collec
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-tr Working through the list in rev
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-tl THE POTENTIAL Fm, MANAGEMENT ff
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-15 Islands, of course, vary in the
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-r7 REFERENCES Dq!!, A.L 1980. Regi
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?r) The si tuation is very differen
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-22 land for cultivation. Plantatio
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-24 Other examples of this form of
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_26 rrtnenagetnent') will become rx
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-29 PEFLE POTENTIALS IN TFE PACIFIC
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-tL TABLE 2 - Proiected inereara in
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-t3 Ssne of the Pacific countrieg r
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-t5 A rumber of features sppear to
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-t7 A PERSPECTIVE C.I I-T.JMAN I-EA
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-t9 The efforts commenced throughou
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-4r of real improvements must be pa
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mmhg t70 rco r50 t20 I roo -4t Figu
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-45 The changes described above can
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ot - E E 60 -47 Figure 4 Age 0 15 2
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Diabetes -49 Diabetes is a common c
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-51 Table 4 : Age-Standardized Prev
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-5t REFERENCES Finau, 9. A. S 4. l?
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AN]€X I -55 DECLARATION tr ALMA A
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c o EN Jl' (U o, ,o -ts m = o, -r,
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SL o 'or =o 60 sub s tr uc tur e |
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-62 Figure ) : Coral atoll (hslf wi
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Rain Wetar -g Srnplescollectedfromr
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pH 7.5 7.' Ca Wall Management t07 l
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u Introduction -69 POLLUTION PROBLE
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4. 5. 7I Persirtence and Movement i
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-13 In Kiribati, however, me exarnp
Page 77 and 78: -75 FISIfRY POTENTIALS IN TI.IE TRO
Page 79 and 80: -77 transition into depths exceedin
Page 81 and 82: lrJ Ez =g P3 qB f,tl s9 LU t.
Page 83 and 84: -8I in longline fishing effort woul
Page 85 and 86: -81 REFERENCES ANONyMOUS. 1975. Rep
Page 87 and 88: -85 Tl-E cHALLEl.lcE ff coNsERvIlG
Page 89 and 90: -87 e$enlial to these peoples' surv
Page 91 and 92: -90 at,olls in bhe tropieal South P
Page 93 and 94: -92 Biogeographic provinces in the
Page 95 and 96: _94 Variability in the physical, ch
Page 97 and 98: -96 Salvat (1980), m the other hand
Page 99 and 100: -98 Table I : Intentional rnarine c
Page 101 and 102: Irprcvcd hervcrtlng tcctnologicr -
Page 103 and 104: - r02 REFERENCES Alcala, A.C. 1976.
Page 105 and 106: - 104 Ladd, FlS. 1971. Bikini and E
Page 107 and 108: - 106 Salvat, B. 1980. The living r
Page 109 and 110: lndustrial Wood Demand and Supply -
Page 111 and 112: -IIO- the survivel of agriculiure.
Page 113 and 114: -LIz- adaptability. If that capacit
Page 115 and 116: Il5 TR@ICAL FORESTRY IN MELANESIA A
Page 117 and 118: Natural forest cover - r17 Even now
Page 119 and 120: - 119 Ecologists and silvicultureli
Page 121 and 122: 2t Betrind the low-lying raised cor
Page 123 and 124: - rzt combination of metalled loggi
Page 125 and 126: 125 - The vegetation rnatrix is not
Page 127: Ppua Ncw Guinca (Enga) Constrtlctio
Page 131 and 132: Figure): Diagramsof Massive sulphid
Page 133 and 134: - Ltt Table 2 : Mineral Resources o
Page 135 and 136: Nauru - tt5 The third mejor mineral
Page 137 and 138: - Lr7 magnetic fields - a chanacter
Page 139 and 140: - 119 Davies' l'l L 1981. Eveluatio
Page 141 and 142: - l4l Whalen, J.8., R. M. Britten a
Page 143 and 144: - L4t ENERGY POTENTIALS tr PACIFIC
Page 145 and 146: t45 Table 2 : Economics (f979-80) C
Page 147 and 148: - I47 Realizing this, trre of the s
Page 149 and 150: I - 149 REFERENCES Lbyd' C. R. 198r
Page 151 and 152: - L52 The report of lhe Technical G
Page 153 and 154: - r54 Exposures to ionizing radiati
Page 155 and 156: - 156 REFERENCES Fieldes' M.' G. Be
Page 157 and 158: - r58 "The ielands are concerned no
Page 159 and 160: - 160 Further, in keeping with the
Page 161 and 162: Forum Firheriar AgancY - L62 The Cm
Page 163 and 164: - L65 OVERVTEW tr TI-E EAST ASIAN S
Page 165 and 166: Environmental Aesesgment Component
Page 167 and 168: - L69 INSTTTUTIO{AL AtO FtNAfiCIAL
Page 169 and 170: - l7t PROBLEMS INVOLVED TN TI-E IMP
Page 171 and 172: - 17, OCEANMRAPHTC ASSESSMENT tr TI
Page 173 and 174: - 175 of the region is the feason w
Page 175 and 176: - rl7 Tl'n Kuroshio begins east of
Page 177 and 178: Ternperetur€ - 179 One of the fea
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Figure 7 : Average sunface loot too
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- l8] content fnom South-Easl Asian
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- 185 CffiAL REEF DEGRADATION AIS P
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Hg+* WAIER coRAL Teluk Tel* Solong
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I HARIMAU PULAJ BABI HUJONG - t89 ?
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BRANCHED CORAL - 19I TAB.JLATE @RAL
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- Lgt Coral reefs along the coest o
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Lcation LUZ0{ l. Albay 2. Bataan I.
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- r97 the variations in fish abunda
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- r99 A growing eause f or concern
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- 20I of the coral lrade in the bro
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- 20t In Thailand, there is one rep
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- 205 Gomez, E.D. 1977. Species div
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- 207 Valencia, lrt J. I98Ib. South
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- 210 In recenl years' there has be
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- 2r2 air and water quality monitor
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- 2L4 Tle usefulness of zoning is s
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- 216 (h) formulating laws and regu
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- 218 ln Malayeia and Brunei, the N
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Oil activities - ?20 Table I : Hydr
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Neme of vessel or incident Tolo Sea
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- 224 Oil released during deballast
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- 226 ln the South China Saa active
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- 228 o oo IF th (o E t,o PA lo. !,
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- zto The following nrethods were u
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- 2t? REFERENCES Anonymous. 1980. S
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- 2r4 Annex I : Map of placee npnti
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- 256 The biggest problem associale
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- 2t8 Since the analysts performing
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- 240 Oftenr a direct comparison is
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For seawater (PPm) Cd Co Cr Cu 0-0.
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Sea water - 244 The sea water in th
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- 246 organisms reiect the metal pa
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- 248 Rahaman, A., C.L. Sien, and D
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- 250 In addition, mining degrades
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Marine fauna and flora - 252 Beside
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- 254 REFERENCES Bak' R.P. 1978. Le
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Backqround - 257 ACTIO{ PLAN FOR TI
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- 259 Tte Envirannrantal Areasmcnt
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Introduction - 26r MARIT.IE POLLUTI
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CANAL DE FArrAMil A\ ) PANAMA BAHIA
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Kind - 265 Tabb 2 : Industries disc
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- 267 Studies dme between 1974 end
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- 269 Guillen end Aquino (f978) and
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Other areas with important pollutio
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- 27t OIL POLLUTIOII IN TFE SOUTH{A
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Oil traneport in the region - 275 A
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- 277 Co-operstion protocols in the
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'279a GEAN CIRCUI.ATIOII IN TI.E EA
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Weetern Pacific (Coast of Irdonesia
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- 28t Obgervation of winds the key
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- 285 INTER.REGIOT.IAL CO.FER ATIOT
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(2S11 PUBLICATIONS IN THE UNEP REGI
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TZUJJ No. 40 SpC/SPEC/ESCAP/UUEP: R
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tZ^A\ \IIl Issued and printed by: P
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