Rt€@lll

Neme of vessel
or incident
Tolo Sea
Oil Slick
Diego Silang
tr4V. Asian
Guerdian
MV. Montessa
Shell
Ref inery
Tesahino Maru
Toan Chuen
Chun
Esso Mercia
tvtV. Fortuna
- 222
Table 4 : Ship casualties in Malaysian waters from 1975 to early 1980
(from Bilal and Kufnhold, 1980)
Cause Laation Date Armunt and
Type of oil
Grounding due to fire
Unknown
Collision with
Russian Ship Vystok
Rupture of discharge
pipe to power station
Accidental discharge
due to nechanical
failure
Accidental discharge
due to pipe rupture
Leakage of
delivery pipeline
Accidental discharge
due to rnechanical
failure
Collision with
supply ship
Florence Tide
Collision with
USS Ranger
Penang Harbour
South Channel
Penang
Melacca Streits
Malacca Straits
Malacca Straits
Malacca Streits
(Port Dickson)
Malacce Straitg
(Pmt Klang)
Johore Streits
South China
Sea
South China
5ea
20.05.L975
ot.o5.I979
24.07.1976
t6.o5.I977
to.06.I979
]0. Il.1979
20.01.I980
10.05.1979
10. t0.1978
5.U.1979
6(J tons bunker fuel oil
Estimated 10-15 tons
bunker fuel oil
51500 tons
Kuwait crude
60 tons light fuel oil
Arebian light crude
(amount unknown)
Arebian light crude
(50 tons)
Bunker fuel oil
(emount unknown)
Bunker fuel oil
(amount unknown)
X)5 tons bunker
fuel oil
101000 tons Kuweit
light crude
In the southern part of Singryorc, oil contamination comes mainly from ships that use
the busy see-lane of the Streits of Singapore and from those that anchor at the varioug
designated anehorage areas which occupy practically the whole of the southern territorial
watets of Singapore. Beceuse of the heavy traffic, a number of oil spills have occurred
through the collision or grounding of tankers. Table 5 gives a list of casuglties and oil spills
for the period 7975 and 1976.
Menasveta (f980) reported that there is a probtem of oil contamination dr.re to oil
activities in Thai waters but it is still relatively small. An accidental oil spill occurred in
April 1974 when the 5000 ton coastal vessel "Visahakit" collided with another ship about I
km from the mouth of the Chao Phraya river. The spill was estimated at m00 barrels of oil.
The biggest oil spill in Indonesien wa[ers was in the Straits of Singpore, where e super
tanker of 2711698 dwt, "Showa Maru", grounded m treacherous shoals neer the Buffato Rock
Beacon. It gilled approximately 54rfi)0 bamele of Middle Eet crude (Kanlaetmadja, lggl).
Oil spills dre to shripping accidents in the waters of the Philippinee heve been listed by
the National Operation Center for Oil Pollution. The record for 1978 is given in Table 6.
Aside from oil spills through casualties, discharges of oil ccur also from operational
shipping activities. Ttese discharges consist of activities such es debellasting, tank cleaning,
dry docking' bunkering, eargo loading and unloading. TIE incidence of qerational or
deliberate oily waste discharges in the area of the East Asian Seas has been studied by
Kurashina (1975) and Nasu et e!.r Q975). The result is es follows:
5E Japan area
Taiwan area
South China Sea
Annual number of dirty
ballast and tank cleaning
74
87
,92
Arnount discharged
in 1000 tons/year.
578
6L6
4705