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Oil activities - ?20 Table I : Hydrocarbon resources in the ocean waters of south-East Asia (in barrels per daY) (after Siddayao, I980; Sigit et eI.r 1980; Bilal and Kuehnhold' 1980) Country Brunei lndsresia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand Production 1978 Total Offshore 2O9,4OO rr6J4,79O 196,500 40,000 0 ?oo 179, l0o ,45,24O 196,500 40,000 0 0 Tranportation, ehipping caeualties and qerations ProducLion 1980 Total Off shore Ir57 6,146 40,000 0 200 5t6,87 6 100,000 40,000 0 0 Figure i shows that most of the oil shipped .illousn and in SouLh-East Asian waters is in transit to Japan while Lhe rest goes to the USA and to other East Asian countries' together accounLing for more than 90% of the oil supplied' S ING APORE --t) ta) F igure 5 z Transport of crude oil in South-East Asia (1975) (after ieO, Wle and Finn et al.' 1979) ( 0.I million barrels per day (7 barrels = 0. I-0.2 million barrels Per daY r 0.2-I.0 million barrels Per daY 'I ) J million barrels Per daY A Offshore Production site Ref inery - "*{7 I netric ton)
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@) UtIITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROG
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a' a @) UNITED NATIONS ENVI RONMENT
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L -iii- CONTENTS SOUTH PACIFIC REGI
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-I SOTJTH PACIFTC REGIO{
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TI-E SOUTH PACIFIC REGIOT.IAL ENVIR
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Immediate priorities -5 The Action
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DEVELOPMENT THEORIES IN THE PACIFIC
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-9 On the other hand, if any collec
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-tr Working through the list in rev
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-tl THE POTENTIAL Fm, MANAGEMENT ff
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-15 Islands, of course, vary in the
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-r7 REFERENCES Dq!!, A.L 1980. Regi
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?r) The si tuation is very differen
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-22 land for cultivation. Plantatio
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-24 Other examples of this form of
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_26 rrtnenagetnent') will become rx
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-29 PEFLE POTENTIALS IN TFE PACIFIC
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-tL TABLE 2 - Proiected inereara in
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-t3 Ssne of the Pacific countrieg r
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-t5 A rumber of features sppear to
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-t7 A PERSPECTIVE C.I I-T.JMAN I-EA
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-t9 The efforts commenced throughou
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-4r of real improvements must be pa
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mmhg t70 rco r50 t20 I roo -4t Figu
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-45 The changes described above can
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ot - E E 60 -47 Figure 4 Age 0 15 2
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Diabetes -49 Diabetes is a common c
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-51 Table 4 : Age-Standardized Prev
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-5t REFERENCES Finau, 9. A. S 4. l?
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AN]€X I -55 DECLARATION tr ALMA A
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c o EN Jl' (U o, ,o -ts m = o, -r,
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SL o 'or =o 60 sub s tr uc tur e |
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-62 Figure ) : Coral atoll (hslf wi
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Rain Wetar -g Srnplescollectedfromr
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pH 7.5 7.' Ca Wall Management t07 l
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u Introduction -69 POLLUTION PROBLE
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4. 5. 7I Persirtence and Movement i
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-13 In Kiribati, however, me exarnp
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-75 FISIfRY POTENTIALS IN TI.IE TRO
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-77 transition into depths exceedin
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lrJ Ez =g P3 qB f,tl s9 LU t.
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-8I in longline fishing effort woul
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-81 REFERENCES ANONyMOUS. 1975. Rep
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-85 Tl-E cHALLEl.lcE ff coNsERvIlG
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-87 e$enlial to these peoples' surv
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-90 at,olls in bhe tropieal South P
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-92 Biogeographic provinces in the
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_94 Variability in the physical, ch
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-96 Salvat (1980), m the other hand
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-98 Table I : Intentional rnarine c
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Irprcvcd hervcrtlng tcctnologicr -
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- r02 REFERENCES Alcala, A.C. 1976.
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- 104 Ladd, FlS. 1971. Bikini and E
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- 106 Salvat, B. 1980. The living r
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lndustrial Wood Demand and Supply -
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-IIO- the survivel of agriculiure.
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-LIz- adaptability. If that capacit
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Il5 TR@ICAL FORESTRY IN MELANESIA A
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Natural forest cover - r17 Even now
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- 119 Ecologists and silvicultureli
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2t Betrind the low-lying raised cor
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- rzt combination of metalled loggi
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125 - The vegetation rnatrix is not
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Ppua Ncw Guinca (Enga) Constrtlctio
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- L29 MIi.IERAL POTENTIAL tr THE SO
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Figure): Diagramsof Massive sulphid
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- Ltt Table 2 : Mineral Resources o
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Nauru - tt5 The third mejor mineral
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- Lr7 magnetic fields - a chanacter
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- 119 Davies' l'l L 1981. Eveluatio
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- l4l Whalen, J.8., R. M. Britten a
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- L4t ENERGY POTENTIALS tr PACIFIC
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t45 Table 2 : Economics (f979-80) C
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- I47 Realizing this, trre of the s
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I - 149 REFERENCES Lbyd' C. R. 198r
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- L52 The report of lhe Technical G
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- r54 Exposures to ionizing radiati
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- 156 REFERENCES Fieldes' M.' G. Be
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- r58 "The ielands are concerned no
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- 160 Further, in keeping with the
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Forum Firheriar AgancY - L62 The Cm
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- L65 OVERVTEW tr TI-E EAST ASIAN S
Page 165 and 166: Environmental Aesesgment Component
Page 167 and 168: - L69 INSTTTUTIO{AL AtO FtNAfiCIAL
Page 169 and 170: - l7t PROBLEMS INVOLVED TN TI-E IMP
Page 171 and 172: - 17, OCEANMRAPHTC ASSESSMENT tr TI
Page 173 and 174: - 175 of the region is the feason w
Page 175 and 176: - rl7 Tl'n Kuroshio begins east of
Page 177 and 178: Ternperetur€ - 179 One of the fea
Page 179 and 180: Figure 7 : Average sunface loot too
Page 181 and 182: - l8] content fnom South-Easl Asian
Page 183 and 184: - 185 CffiAL REEF DEGRADATION AIS P
Page 185 and 186: Hg+* WAIER coRAL Teluk Tel* Solong
Page 187 and 188: I HARIMAU PULAJ BABI HUJONG - t89 ?
Page 189 and 190: BRANCHED CORAL - 19I TAB.JLATE @RAL
Page 191 and 192: - Lgt Coral reefs along the coest o
Page 193 and 194: Lcation LUZ0{ l. Albay 2. Bataan I.
Page 195 and 196: - r97 the variations in fish abunda
Page 197 and 198: - r99 A growing eause f or concern
Page 199 and 200: - 20I of the coral lrade in the bro
Page 201 and 202: - 20t In Thailand, there is one rep
Page 203 and 204: - 205 Gomez, E.D. 1977. Species div
Page 205 and 206: - 207 Valencia, lrt J. I98Ib. South
Page 207 and 208: - 210 In recenl years' there has be
Page 209 and 210: - 2r2 air and water quality monitor
Page 211 and 212: - 2L4 Tle usefulness of zoning is s
Page 213 and 214: - 216 (h) formulating laws and regu
Page 215: - 218 ln Malayeia and Brunei, the N
Page 219 and 220: Neme of vessel or incident Tolo Sea
Page 221 and 222: - 224 Oil released during deballast
Page 223 and 224: - 226 ln the South China Saa active
Page 225 and 226: - 228 o oo IF th (o E t,o PA lo. !,
Page 227 and 228: - zto The following nrethods were u
Page 229 and 230: - 2t? REFERENCES Anonymous. 1980. S
Page 231 and 232: - 2r4 Annex I : Map of placee npnti
Page 233 and 234: - 256 The biggest problem associale
Page 235 and 236: - 2t8 Since the analysts performing
Page 237 and 238: - 240 Oftenr a direct comparison is
Page 239 and 240: For seawater (PPm) Cd Co Cr Cu 0-0.
Page 241 and 242: Sea water - 244 The sea water in th
Page 243 and 244: - 246 organisms reiect the metal pa
Page 245 and 246: - 248 Rahaman, A., C.L. Sien, and D
Page 247 and 248: - 250 In addition, mining degrades
Page 249 and 250: Marine fauna and flora - 252 Beside
Page 251 and 252: - 254 REFERENCES Bak' R.P. 1978. Le
Page 253 and 254: Backqround - 257 ACTIO{ PLAN FOR TI
Page 255 and 256: - 259 Tte Envirannrantal Areasmcnt
Page 257 and 258: Introduction - 26r MARIT.IE POLLUTI
Page 259 and 260: CANAL DE FArrAMil A\ ) PANAMA BAHIA
Page 261 and 262: Kind - 265 Tabb 2 : Industries disc
Page 263 and 264: - 267 Studies dme between 1974 end
Page 265 and 266: - 269 Guillen end Aquino (f978) and
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Other areas with important pollutio
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- 27t OIL POLLUTIOII IN TFE SOUTH{A
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Oil traneport in the region - 275 A
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- 277 Co-operstion protocols in the
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'279a GEAN CIRCUI.ATIOII IN TI.E EA
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Weetern Pacific (Coast of Irdonesia
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- 28t Obgervation of winds the key
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- 285 INTER.REGIOT.IAL CO.FER ATIOT
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(2S11 PUBLICATIONS IN THE UNEP REGI
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TZUJJ No. 40 SpC/SPEC/ESCAP/UUEP: R
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tZ^A\ \IIl Issued and printed by: P
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