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R #, liit 8.3 !"'i H :ill#,t # rr\\ lr I \.j \r 'rf I 4-', - 229 o :iitlfri o I t 1r 9 Itr ! tihi!5J ,: t uFif. fl iii +;iftf#1"r"','#,r i riiir \frii :J,.t ilY'l*i f , . &ld 1F' ),' i i r' r l**i ),,R,, /;i i' Gi,,W!,' * r+$.*Wrlti,';* 41, cf z
- zto The following nrethods were used for hydrocanbm analyses. MAPMOPP/IGOSS presumably used 5 litres of sample extracted by n-hexane and analyaed by fluorescence epectrometry (IOC/WMO, 1976). Phang et g!. (Malaysia) uaed 2.5 litres of water aample extrected in CClr, and enalysed with an infra-red spectrophotometer (Atwood et {., L972). Oil and Gee Tecfinology Development Center "Lemigasrr (lrdonesia) used 5 litres of water sample, extrected in CCI,, *raken with Florisil to rernove polar hydrocarbms and finally analysed by infra-red speclrophotometry (COi,ICAWE, L972). Ttp National Pollution Control Cornmission of the Philippines analysed the water sample by extraction wit,h a solvent and weighing gravimetrically without any eeparation of the polar and non-polar hydrocarbms. These differeneee of nethod meke comparisone difficult. Terball occurr€ncr Ref erring to Figure 5 from MAPMOPP/IGOSS, "Regional distribution of tarball concentration L974 - 1978" and Figure 4 from Nasurs atudy m t'Petroleum pollution in the high seas" gives the following sJmmary sf tie tarbgll status in {he Eest Asian Seas. To the north of Luzon 0trhilippines), tfpre are 0.5tlglkm'(=O.6J mg/m') and northeas[ of thig area tarball values reach 1.5 kglkm' (=I.6 mg/m'). In the direction of Jqan the contamination reaches higher values. As steted above, the discharge of tanken's dirty ballast is much rmre frequent in the South China Sea then in Taiwenese and Japanese watersl thus the question of tarball contamination in the Sqrth China Sea is quite interesting. In the Philippine See the plots indicate "ffrly" 0.(b mg/m'. Stranded tarballs have been observed by eome countries in South-Est Asia. In Pulau Pari, where the lrdonegien Inetitute of Oceanology is located, tarballs have been observed regularly for the lest four yeers. Puleu Pari itself is a pseudo-atoll consisting of five small islands, and on three of tlrese, stranded terballs have been observed. The result of e L98L|I982 survey is given in Figure 9. It shows that the flucfuation of the quantily depgnds on the monsoon. The lowest quantity is in August (Lz.t gr/m') and the highest (81 grlm') is in November (Toro and Djamali, 1982). In August 1982, Lemigas and the French Centre National pour lrExploitation des Oceans (CNEXO) mede e reconnaigsance {urvey in the Riau Archipelago (Straits of Singapore) and the southern part of the West Celebes cosst (Streits of Mecassar) among other areas. Although this was the month wilh the lowest concentrations, tarballs were still found in Pulau Pari, Riau Archipelago and the west coast of Celebes. (3rq7nqtrr2 ) 400 350 Figure 9 : Mean quantity of stranded tarballs per month (glm?) on Pulau Pari, Pubu Tengah and Pulau Tikus (Tmo and Djamali, 1982) - t \\t \\ ?. PAnl 9. ltx6AX ?. rlrul t lrl l\ rl Ir rl ,t rl I IttIII\
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@) UtIITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROG
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a' a @) UNITED NATIONS ENVI RONMENT
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L -iii- CONTENTS SOUTH PACIFIC REGI
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-I SOTJTH PACIFTC REGIO{
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TI-E SOUTH PACIFIC REGIOT.IAL ENVIR
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Immediate priorities -5 The Action
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DEVELOPMENT THEORIES IN THE PACIFIC
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-9 On the other hand, if any collec
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-tr Working through the list in rev
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-tl THE POTENTIAL Fm, MANAGEMENT ff
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-15 Islands, of course, vary in the
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-r7 REFERENCES Dq!!, A.L 1980. Regi
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?r) The si tuation is very differen
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-22 land for cultivation. Plantatio
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-24 Other examples of this form of
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_26 rrtnenagetnent') will become rx
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-29 PEFLE POTENTIALS IN TFE PACIFIC
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-tL TABLE 2 - Proiected inereara in
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-t3 Ssne of the Pacific countrieg r
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-t5 A rumber of features sppear to
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-t7 A PERSPECTIVE C.I I-T.JMAN I-EA
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-t9 The efforts commenced throughou
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-4r of real improvements must be pa
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mmhg t70 rco r50 t20 I roo -4t Figu
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-45 The changes described above can
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ot - E E 60 -47 Figure 4 Age 0 15 2
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Diabetes -49 Diabetes is a common c
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-51 Table 4 : Age-Standardized Prev
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-5t REFERENCES Finau, 9. A. S 4. l?
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AN]€X I -55 DECLARATION tr ALMA A
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c o EN Jl' (U o, ,o -ts m = o, -r,
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SL o 'or =o 60 sub s tr uc tur e |
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-62 Figure ) : Coral atoll (hslf wi
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Rain Wetar -g Srnplescollectedfromr
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pH 7.5 7.' Ca Wall Management t07 l
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u Introduction -69 POLLUTION PROBLE
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4. 5. 7I Persirtence and Movement i
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-13 In Kiribati, however, me exarnp
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-75 FISIfRY POTENTIALS IN TI.IE TRO
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-77 transition into depths exceedin
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lrJ Ez =g P3 qB f,tl s9 LU t.
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-8I in longline fishing effort woul
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-81 REFERENCES ANONyMOUS. 1975. Rep
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-85 Tl-E cHALLEl.lcE ff coNsERvIlG
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-87 e$enlial to these peoples' surv
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-90 at,olls in bhe tropieal South P
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-92 Biogeographic provinces in the
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_94 Variability in the physical, ch
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-96 Salvat (1980), m the other hand
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-98 Table I : Intentional rnarine c
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Irprcvcd hervcrtlng tcctnologicr -
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- r02 REFERENCES Alcala, A.C. 1976.
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- 104 Ladd, FlS. 1971. Bikini and E
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- 106 Salvat, B. 1980. The living r
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lndustrial Wood Demand and Supply -
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-IIO- the survivel of agriculiure.
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-LIz- adaptability. If that capacit
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Il5 TR@ICAL FORESTRY IN MELANESIA A
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Natural forest cover - r17 Even now
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- 119 Ecologists and silvicultureli
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2t Betrind the low-lying raised cor
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- rzt combination of metalled loggi
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125 - The vegetation rnatrix is not
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Ppua Ncw Guinca (Enga) Constrtlctio
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- L29 MIi.IERAL POTENTIAL tr THE SO
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Figure): Diagramsof Massive sulphid
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- Ltt Table 2 : Mineral Resources o
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Nauru - tt5 The third mejor mineral
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- Lr7 magnetic fields - a chanacter
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- 119 Davies' l'l L 1981. Eveluatio
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- l4l Whalen, J.8., R. M. Britten a
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- L4t ENERGY POTENTIALS tr PACIFIC
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t45 Table 2 : Economics (f979-80) C
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- I47 Realizing this, trre of the s
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I - 149 REFERENCES Lbyd' C. R. 198r
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- L52 The report of lhe Technical G
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- r54 Exposures to ionizing radiati
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- 156 REFERENCES Fieldes' M.' G. Be
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- r58 "The ielands are concerned no
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- 160 Further, in keeping with the
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Forum Firheriar AgancY - L62 The Cm
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- L65 OVERVTEW tr TI-E EAST ASIAN S
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Environmental Aesesgment Component
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- L69 INSTTTUTIO{AL AtO FtNAfiCIAL
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- l7t PROBLEMS INVOLVED TN TI-E IMP
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- 17, OCEANMRAPHTC ASSESSMENT tr TI
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- 175 of the region is the feason w
Page 175 and 176: - rl7 Tl'n Kuroshio begins east of
Page 177 and 178: Ternperetur€ - 179 One of the fea
Page 179 and 180: Figure 7 : Average sunface loot too
Page 181 and 182: - l8] content fnom South-Easl Asian
Page 183 and 184: - 185 CffiAL REEF DEGRADATION AIS P
Page 185 and 186: Hg+* WAIER coRAL Teluk Tel* Solong
Page 187 and 188: I HARIMAU PULAJ BABI HUJONG - t89 ?
Page 189 and 190: BRANCHED CORAL - 19I TAB.JLATE @RAL
Page 191 and 192: - Lgt Coral reefs along the coest o
Page 193 and 194: Lcation LUZ0{ l. Albay 2. Bataan I.
Page 195 and 196: - r97 the variations in fish abunda
Page 197 and 198: - r99 A growing eause f or concern
Page 199 and 200: - 20I of the coral lrade in the bro
Page 201 and 202: - 20t In Thailand, there is one rep
Page 203 and 204: - 205 Gomez, E.D. 1977. Species div
Page 205 and 206: - 207 Valencia, lrt J. I98Ib. South
Page 207 and 208: - 210 In recenl years' there has be
Page 209 and 210: - 2r2 air and water quality monitor
Page 211 and 212: - 2L4 Tle usefulness of zoning is s
Page 213 and 214: - 216 (h) formulating laws and regu
Page 215 and 216: - 218 ln Malayeia and Brunei, the N
Page 217 and 218: Oil activities - ?20 Table I : Hydr
Page 219 and 220: Neme of vessel or incident Tolo Sea
Page 221 and 222: - 224 Oil released during deballast
Page 223 and 224: - 226 ln the South China Saa active
Page 225: - 228 o oo IF th (o E t,o PA lo. !,
Page 229 and 230: - 2t? REFERENCES Anonymous. 1980. S
Page 231 and 232: - 2r4 Annex I : Map of placee npnti
Page 233 and 234: - 256 The biggest problem associale
Page 235 and 236: - 2t8 Since the analysts performing
Page 237 and 238: - 240 Oftenr a direct comparison is
Page 239 and 240: For seawater (PPm) Cd Co Cr Cu 0-0.
Page 241 and 242: Sea water - 244 The sea water in th
Page 243 and 244: - 246 organisms reiect the metal pa
Page 245 and 246: - 248 Rahaman, A., C.L. Sien, and D
Page 247 and 248: - 250 In addition, mining degrades
Page 249 and 250: Marine fauna and flora - 252 Beside
Page 251 and 252: - 254 REFERENCES Bak' R.P. 1978. Le
Page 253 and 254: Backqround - 257 ACTIO{ PLAN FOR TI
Page 255 and 256: - 259 Tte Envirannrantal Areasmcnt
Page 257 and 258: Introduction - 26r MARIT.IE POLLUTI
Page 259 and 260: CANAL DE FArrAMil A\ ) PANAMA BAHIA
Page 261 and 262: Kind - 265 Tabb 2 : Industries disc
Page 263 and 264: - 267 Studies dme between 1974 end
Page 265 and 266: - 269 Guillen end Aquino (f978) and
Page 267 and 268: Other areas with important pollutio
Page 269 and 270: - 27t OIL POLLUTIOII IN TFE SOUTH{A
Page 271 and 272: Oil traneport in the region - 275 A
Page 273 and 274: - 277 Co-operstion protocols in the
Page 275 and 276: '279a GEAN CIRCUI.ATIOII IN TI.E EA
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Weetern Pacific (Coast of Irdonesia
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- 28t Obgervation of winds the key
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- 285 INTER.REGIOT.IAL CO.FER ATIOT
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(2S11 PUBLICATIONS IN THE UNEP REGI
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TZUJJ No. 40 SpC/SPEC/ESCAP/UUEP: R
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tZ^A\ \IIl Issued and printed by: P
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