Cancer Immune Therapy Edited by G. Stuhler and P. Walden ...

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7.5.1 Sources of Polyamines 133 7.5.2 Effects of Polyamines 133 7.5.2.1 Effects of polyamines on monocytes/macrophages 133 7.5.2.2 Effects of polyamines on T lymphocytes 134 7.5.2.3 Effects of polyamines on NK cells 134 7.5.3 Inhibition of Polyamine Biosynthesis: Implications for Therapy 134 7.6 Tumor-Shed Immunosuppressive Molecules 134 7.7 Conclusion 135 References 136 8 Interleukin-10 in Cancer Immunity 155 Robert Sabat and Khusru Asadullah 8.1 Introduction 155 8.2 IL-10 Protein and IL-10 Receptor (IL-10R) 155 8.2.1 IL-10 Structure and Expression 155 8.2.2 IL-10R 156 8.2.3 IL-10 Homologs 157 8.3 Biological Activities of IL-10 157 8.3.1 Effects on Myeloid Antigen-Presenting Cells (APC) 158 8.3.2 Effects on T Cells 159 8.3.3 Effects on Natural Killer (NK) Cells 160 8.3.4 Effects on other Immune Cells 160 8.3.5 IL-10's Role in the Immune System 160 8.4 IL-10 Expression in Cancer Patients 161 8.4.1 Cellular Sources of IL-10 in Cancer Patients 161 8.4.2 Selectivity of IL-10 Production 162 8.4.3 IL-10 Presence: Local or Systemic? 163 8.4.4 Prognostic Value of Enhanced IL-10 Expression 163 8.5 Effects of IL-10 in Cancer Models 164 8.5.1 Tumor-Promoting Effects of IL-10 164 8.5.2 Tumor-Inhibiting Effects of IL-10 165 8.6 Conclusions 166 Acknowledgements 167 References 168 Part 3 Strategies for Cancer Immunology 177 9 Dendritic Cells and Cancer: Prospects for Cancer Vaccination 179 Derek N. J. Hart, David Jackson and Frank Nestle 9.1 Introduction 179 9.2 DC Properties 179 9.3 DC in Human Cancer 182 9.4 Blood DC Counts and DC Mobilization 183 9.5 DC Preparations for Immunotherapy 184 Contents XI
XII Contents 9.6 Loading DC with Antigens 186 9.7 Dose Delivery and Vaccination Schedule 187 9.8 Phase I/II Clinical Trials 188 9.9 Phase III Clinical Trials 193 9.10 Side Effects 194 9.11 Monitoring Immune Responses 194 9.12 Tumor Escape 195 9.13 New Developments in DC Immunotherapy 196 9.14 Conclusion 197 References 197 10 The Immune System in Cancer: If It Isn't Broken, Can We Fix It? 204 Richard G. Vile 10.1 Commitment and the Modern Immune System 204 10.2 Evolutionary Tuning 206 10.3 Tumor Antigens and Responses to Them 209 10.4 Antigen Presentation ± A Resume 209 10.5 Playing to Strengths 211 10.6 Exploiting Weaknesses: Autoimmunity 214 10.7 Combining the Best of Both Worlds 218 10.8 The Way Forward 221 Acknowledgments 223 Appendix: Glossary 223 References 225 11 Hybrid Cell Vaccination for Cancer Immune Therapy 230 Peter Walden, Gernot Stuhler and Uwe Trefzer 11.1 Introduction 230 11.2 Immunological Basis of the HCV Approach to Cancer Immune Therapy 231 11.2.1 Tumor Antigenicity 231 11.2.2 T±T Cell Collaboration in the Induction of Cellular Cytotoxic Immune Responses 233 11.3 Vaccination Strategies for Cancer Immune Therapy 235 11.4 HCV 236 11.4.1 Conceptual Basis 236 11.4.2 HCV in Preclinical Studies 237 11.4.3 Clinical Experience with HCV 238 11.5 Conclusion and Prospects 240 References 241 12 Principles and Strategies Employing Heat Shock Proteins for Immunotherapy of Cancers 253 Zihai Li 12.1 The Thesis 253
Page 1 and 2: Cancer Immune Therapie: Current and
Page 3 and 4: Editors: Dr. Gernot Stuhler Univers
Page 5 and 6: VI Preface Recent years have seen a
Page 7 and 8: VIII Contents 2.5.3 Antigens Encode
Page 9: X Contents 6.4.2 Natural Killer (NK
Page 13 and 14: XIV Contents 14.2.2.1 Cancer-specif
Page 15 and 16: List of Contributors Richard Bucala
Page 17 and 18: Color Plates Fig. 5.2 The MHC class
Page 19 and 20: Fig. 5.5 Different immune effector
Page 21 and 22: Fig. 5.17 Possible pathway for the
Page 23 and 24: Fig. 6.2 T lymphocytes in the tumor
Page 25 and 26: Index a acidic and basic fibroblast
Page 27 and 28: ±, see also tumors cationic lipids
Page 29 and 30: e EBV see Epstein-Barr virus EDR se
Page 31 and 32: immature Mo-DCs 184 immune cells ±
Page 33 and 34: MHC class I antigen-processing mach
Page 35 and 36: ±, onco- 209 ±, over-expressed ce
Page 37 and 38: TICD see tumor-induced cell death T
Page 39 and 40: Part 1 Tumor Antigenicity Cancer Im
Page 41 and 42: 4 1 Search for Universal Tumor-Asso
Page 47 and 48: 10 1 Search for Universal Tumor-Ass
Page 55 and 56: 18 2 Serological Determinants On Tu
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24 2 Serological Determinants On Tu
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30 Cancer Immune Therapie: Current
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32 3 Processing and Presentation of
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42 4 T Cells In Tumor Immunity cult
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44 4 T Cells In Tumor Immunity cell
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46 4 T Cells In Tumor Immunity to T
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48 4 T Cells In Tumor Immunity Alth
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50 4 T Cells In Tumor Immunity Tab.
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52 4 T Cells In Tumor Immunity rest
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54 4 T Cells In Tumor Immunity 53 T
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Part 2 Immune Evasion and Suppressi
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60 5 Major Histocompatibility Compl
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68 Tab. 5.1 HLA class I loss attrib
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96 6 Immune Cells in the Tumor Micr
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98 6 Immune Cells in the Tumor Micr
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100 6 Immune Cells in the Tumor Mic
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Tab. 7.1 Effects of tumor-derived m
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122 7 Immunosuppresive Factors in C
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Part 3 Strategies for Cancer Immuno
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180 9 Dendritic Cells and Cancer: P
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206 10 The Immune System in Cancer:
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232 11 Hybrid Cell Vaccination for
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254 12 Principles and Strategies Em
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270 13 Applications of CpG Motifs f
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288 14 The T-Body Approach: Towards
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300 15 Bone Marrow Transplantation
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312 16 Immunocytokines: Versatile M
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348 17 Immunotoxins and Recombinant
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382 Glossary tion to the variable d
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384 Glossary suppressor gene produc
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386 Glossary press the proper recep
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388 Glossary gp96 See Chaperone. Gr
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390 Glossary cytes and addressing l
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392 Glossary T bodies are being tes
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