Cancer Immune Therapy Edited by G. Stuhler and P. Walden ...

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inding to endothelial cells and initiating vascular leak syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 3957±62. 189 Onda M, Kreitman RJ,Vasmatzis G, Lee B, Pastan I (1999) Reduction of the nonspecific animal toxicity of anti- Tac(Fv)±PE38 by mutations in the framework regions of the Fv which lower the isoelectric point. J Immunol 163: 6072±7. 190 Tsutsumi Y, Onda M, Nagata S, Lee B, Kreitman RJ, Pastan I (2000) Site-specific chemical modification with poly- References ethylene glycol of recombinant immunotoxin anti-Tac(Fv)±PE38 (LMB-2) improves antitumor activity and reduces animal toxicity and immunogenicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 8548±53. 191 Frankel AE, Laver JH, Willingham MC, Burns LJ, Kersey JH, Vallera DA (1997) Therapy of patients with T-cell lymphomas and leukemias using an anti-CD7 monoclonal antibody±ricin A chain immunotoxin. Leuk Lymph 26: 287±98. 379
380 Cancer Immune Therapie: Current and Future Strategies Edited by G. Stuhler and P. Walden Copyright # 2002 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA ISBNs: 3-527-30441-X (Hardback); 3-527-60079-5 (Electronic) Glossary a 2-Macroglobulin A serum protease inhibitor with a broad range of specificities which blocks members of all four known classes of endopeptidases. It contains a unique thiol ester group which, when cleaved by the proteases, results in a covalent bond between protease and inhibitor. Concordantly, the protease becomes entrapped by a conformational change of the inhibitor. a2-Macroglobulin has been implicated to play a role in lipopolysaccharide sensitivity, neutralization of transforming growth factor-b and in Alzheimer's disease. It binds to the cell surface receptor CD91. Adaptive immunity Immunity to infectious or other antigens that improves in quality and intensity from the first to the second encounter with the antigen, in contrast to innate immunity which involves always the same immune reactions of the same intensity with every antigen challenge. Adaptive immunity is based on the selection and expansion of antigen-specific T and B lymphocyte clones. The B lymphocytes switch thereby from IgM to IgG production which have a higher affinity for the antigen. Adhesion molecule Cell surface receptor for cell±cell and cell±matrix adhesiveness. They are implicated in stable cell±cell contacts in tissues as well as in the transient attachments of migrating cells, and play a role in transmigration of leukocytes through the endothelial cell layer of blood vessels and in the interaction of T lymphocytes with their stimulator or target cells. Several families of adhesion receptors with different functions have been described including cadherins, selectins, addressins, integrins, Annexins and members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, such as the intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs). Some adhesion molecules, e. g. some integrins, also transmit signals into the cell and/or out of the cell. Adjuvant Material co-administered with specific antigens to improve the vaccination effects. Adjuvants are often derived from microorganisms but may also be cells like dendritic cells, subcellular components such as heat shock proteins, cytokines, chemokines, lipids of various origin, oligonucleotides or inorganic compounds such as aluminum hy-
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Cancer Immune Therapie: Current and
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Editors: Dr. Gernot Stuhler Univers
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VI Preface Recent years have seen a
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VIII Contents 2.5.3 Antigens Encode
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X Contents 6.4.2 Natural Killer (NK
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XII Contents 9.6 Loading DC with An
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XIV Contents 14.2.2.1 Cancer-specif
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List of Contributors Richard Bucala
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Color Plates Fig. 5.2 The MHC class
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Fig. 5.5 Different immune effector
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Fig. 5.17 Possible pathway for the
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Fig. 6.2 T lymphocytes in the tumor
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Index a acidic and basic fibroblast
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±, see also tumors cationic lipids
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e EBV see Epstein-Barr virus EDR se
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immature Mo-DCs 184 immune cells ±
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MHC class I antigen-processing mach
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±, onco- 209 ±, over-expressed ce
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TICD see tumor-induced cell death T
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Part 1 Tumor Antigenicity Cancer Im
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4 1 Search for Universal Tumor-Asso
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10 1 Search for Universal Tumor-Ass
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18 2 Serological Determinants On Tu
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30 Cancer Immune Therapie: Current
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32 3 Processing and Presentation of
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42 4 T Cells In Tumor Immunity cult
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44 4 T Cells In Tumor Immunity cell
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46 4 T Cells In Tumor Immunity to T
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48 4 T Cells In Tumor Immunity Alth
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50 4 T Cells In Tumor Immunity Tab.
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52 4 T Cells In Tumor Immunity rest
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54 4 T Cells In Tumor Immunity 53 T
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Part 2 Immune Evasion and Suppressi
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60 5 Major Histocompatibility Compl
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68 Tab. 5.1 HLA class I loss attrib
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96 6 Immune Cells in the Tumor Micr
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98 6 Immune Cells in the Tumor Micr
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100 6 Immune Cells in the Tumor Mic
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Tab. 7.1 Effects of tumor-derived m
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122 7 Immunosuppresive Factors in C
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156 8 Interleukin-10 in Cancer Immu
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Part 3 Strategies for Cancer Immuno
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180 9 Dendritic Cells and Cancer: P
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206 10 The Immune System in Cancer:
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232 11 Hybrid Cell Vaccination for
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254 12 Principles and Strategies Em
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270 13 Applications of CpG Motifs f
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288 14 The T-Body Approach: Towards
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300 15 Bone Marrow Transplantation
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312 16 Immunocytokines: Versatile M
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Page 361 and 362: 328 16 Immunocytokines: Versatile M
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Page 415 and 416: 382 Glossary tion to the variable d
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