Cancer Immune Therapy Edited by G. Stuhler and P. Walden ...

VIII Contents
2.5.3 Antigens Encoded by Mutated Genes 21
2.5.4 Viral Genes 22
2.5.5 Antigens Encoded by Over-expressed Genes 22
2.5.6 Amplified Genes 22
2.5.7 Splice Variants of Known Genes 22
2.5.8 Cancer-Related Autoantigens 22
2.5.9 Non-Cancer-Related Autoantigens 23
2.5.10 Products of Underexpressed Genes 23
2.6 Incidence of Antibodies to SEREX Antigens and Clinical Significance 23
2.7 Functional Significance of SEREX Antigens 24
2.8 Reverse T Cell Immunology 24
2.9 Towards a Definition of the Human Cancer Immunome 24
2.10 Consequences for Cancer Vaccine Development 25
2.11 Conclusions and Perspectives 26
References 27
3 Processing and Presentation of Tumor-associated Antigens 30
Peter-M. Kloetzel and Alice Sijts
3.1 The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class I Antigen-Processing
Pathway 30
3.2 Immuno-Proteasomes 31
3.2.1 The Function of Immuno-Proteasomes 31
3.2.2 The Role of the Proteasome Activator PA28 in Antigen Processing 33
3.3 The Proteasome System and Tumor Antigen Presentation 34
3.3.1 Impaired Epitope Generation by Immuno-Proteasomes 35
3.4 PA28 and Tumor Epitope Processing 35
3.5 Exploiting Proteasome Knowledge 36
References 37
4 T Cells In Tumor Immunity 40
Pedro Romero, Mikael J. Pittet, Alfred Zippelius, Danielle Li nard,
Ferdy J. Lejeune, Danila Valmori, Daniel E. Speiser and
Jean-Charles Cerottini
4.1 Introduction 40
4.2 Morphological Evidence of T Cell Immunity in Human Tumors 41
4.3 Approaches to the Molecular Identification of Cytolytic T Lymphocyte
(CTL)-defined Tumor Antigens 41
4.4 Monitoring the Spontaneous CTL Responses to Tumor Antigens 44
4.4.1 Monitoring Specific CTL in the PBMC Compartment 44
4.4.2 Evidence of Tumor Antigen-specific T Cell Responses
at the Tumor Sites 46
4.5 CD4 T Cells in Tumor Immunity 49
4.6 Concluding Remarks 51
References 52