Cancer Immune Therapy Edited by G. Stuhler and P. Walden ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

100 M. Graner, A. Raymond, D. Romney, L. He, L. Whitesell and E. Katsanis, Clin Cancer Res 2000; 6: 909±915. 101 S. P. Yedavelli, L. Guo, M. E. Daou, P. K. Srivastava, A. Mittelman and R. K. Tiwari, Int J Mol Med 1999; 4: 243±248. 102 P. K. Srivastava and M. R. Das, Int J Cancer 1984; 33: 417±422. 103 J. Robert, A. Menoret, S. Basu, N. Cohen and P. R. Srivastava, Eur J Immunol 2001; 31: 186±195. 104 U. Zugel, A. M. Sponaas, J. Neckermann, B. Schoel and S. H. Kaufmann, Infect Immun 2001; 69: 4164± 4167. 105 M. Navaratnam, M. S. Deshpande, M. J. Hariharan, D. S. Zatechka, Jr and S. Srikumaran,Vaccine 2001; 19: 1425±1434. References 106 A. Heikema, E. Agsteribbe, J. Wilschut and A. Huckriede, Immunol Lett 1997; 57: 69±74. 107 A. M. Ciupitu, M. Petersson, C. L. O'Donnell, K. Williams, S. Jindal, R. Kiessling and R. M. Welsh, J Exp Med 1998; 187: 685±691. 108 N. R. Chu, H. B. Wu,T. Wu, L. J. Boux, M. I. Siegel and L. A. Mizzen, Clin Exp Immunol 2000; 121: 216±225. 109 C. H. Chen, T. L. Wang, C. F. Hung, Y. Yang, R. A. Young, D. M. Pardoll and T. C. Wu, Cancer Res 2000; 60: 1035±1042. 110 L. S. Anthony, H. Wu, H. Sweet, C. Turnnir, L. J. Boux and L. A. Mizzen,Vaccine 1999; 17: 373±383. 111 H. Zheng, J. Dai, D. Stoilova and Z. Li, J Immunol 2001; 167: 6731±6735. 267
268 Cancer Immune Therapie: Current and Future Strategies Edited by G. Stuhler and P. Walden Copyright # 2002 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA ISBNs: 3-527-30441-X (Hardback); 3-527-60079-5 (Electronic) 13 Applications of CpG Motifs from Bacterial DNA in Cancer Immunotherapy Arthur M. Krieg 13.1 History of Cancer Immunotherapy with Bacterial Extracts andNucleic Acids For centuries there have been sporadic reports of patients with advanced malignancy who underwent spontaneous regression following a bacterial infection (reviewed in [1]). However, there was no systematic effort to investigate this phenomenon until the 1890s, when a New York surgeon, William B. Coley, became aware of a patient with a widely metastatic sarcoma who had experienced a remarkable and complete tumor regression following a streptococcal infection in the region of the tumor. Suspecting that the streptococcal infection may have triggered the regression, Coley took the heroic step of injecting a live streptococcal culture into an unresectable sarcoma in a patient with hopelessly advanced disease. Although the patient almost succumbed to the infection, he too experienced a complete regression [2]. In order to reduce the toxicity of this new form of treatment, William Coley then began treating many sarcoma patients with a mixture of killed bacteria including Streptococcus and Proteus, which became known as ªColey's toxinsº. Over the next decades, Coley treated close to 1000 patients with his toxin and achieved an astonishing response rate of more than 40% in these advanced malignancies, some of which persisted for decades [2, 3]Ç Despite his impressive success rate and the success of some other investigators using his toxins, this form of cancer immunotherapy was not widely pursued in the years following Coley's death. Nevertheless, bacterial immunotherapy for cancer lives on in the use of the attenuated mycobacteria Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) as a therapy for human bladder cancer [4, 5]Ç Perhaps the most important lesson to be gained from this brief history of immunotherapy with bacteria is that by activating the immune system with bacterial components, it is possible to induce sustained remissions in at least some humans with advanced malignancies. It is now clear that the ªColey's toxinsº did not in fact contain toxins as originally assumed, but rather that bacterial products activate innate and acquired immune defense mechanisms that can kill tumor cells. In the century that has passed since Coley's initial therapeutic successes, we have gained a much better understanding of the immune system, which allows us to provide a better answer to the question of what may be the microbial products that induce these antitu-
Page 1 and 2:
Cancer Immune Therapie: Current and
Page 3 and 4:
Editors: Dr. Gernot Stuhler Univers
Page 5 and 6:
VI Preface Recent years have seen a
Page 7 and 8:
VIII Contents 2.5.3 Antigens Encode
Page 9 and 10:
X Contents 6.4.2 Natural Killer (NK
Page 11 and 12:
XII Contents 9.6 Loading DC with An
Page 13 and 14:
XIV Contents 14.2.2.1 Cancer-specif
Page 15 and 16:
List of Contributors Richard Bucala
Page 17 and 18:
Color Plates Fig. 5.2 The MHC class
Page 19 and 20:
Fig. 5.5 Different immune effector
Page 21 and 22:
Fig. 5.17 Possible pathway for the
Page 23 and 24:
Fig. 6.2 T lymphocytes in the tumor
Page 25 and 26:
Index a acidic and basic fibroblast
Page 27 and 28:
±, see also tumors cationic lipids
Page 29 and 30:
e EBV see Epstein-Barr virus EDR se
Page 31 and 32:
immature Mo-DCs 184 immune cells ±
Page 33 and 34:
MHC class I antigen-processing mach
Page 35 and 36:
±, onco- 209 ±, over-expressed ce
Page 37 and 38:
TICD see tumor-induced cell death T
Page 39 and 40:
Part 1 Tumor Antigenicity Cancer Im
Page 41 and 42:
4 1 Search for Universal Tumor-Asso
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
10 1 Search for Universal Tumor-Ass
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
18 2 Serological Determinants On Tu
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
30 Cancer Immune Therapie: Current
Page 69 and 70:
32 3 Processing and Presentation of
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
42 4 T Cells In Tumor Immunity cult
Page 81 and 82:
44 4 T Cells In Tumor Immunity cell
Page 83 and 84:
46 4 T Cells In Tumor Immunity to T
Page 85 and 86:
48 4 T Cells In Tumor Immunity Alth
Page 87 and 88:
50 4 T Cells In Tumor Immunity Tab.
Page 89 and 90:
52 4 T Cells In Tumor Immunity rest
Page 91 and 92:
54 4 T Cells In Tumor Immunity 53 T
Page 93 and 94:
Part 2 Immune Evasion and Suppressi
Page 95 and 96:
60 5 Major Histocompatibility Compl
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
68 Tab. 5.1 HLA class I loss attrib
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
96 6 Immune Cells in the Tumor Micr
Page 133 and 134:
98 6 Immune Cells in the Tumor Micr
Page 135 and 136:
100 6 Immune Cells in the Tumor Mic
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Tab. 7.1 Effects of tumor-derived m
Page 157 and 158:
122 7 Immunosuppresive Factors in C
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
156 8 Interleukin-10 in Cancer Immu
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Part 3 Strategies for Cancer Immuno
Page 213 and 214:
180 9 Dendritic Cells and Cancer: P
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
206 10 The Immune System in Cancer:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250: 216 10 The Immune System in Cancer:
Page 263 and 264: 230 Cancer Immune Therapie: Current
Page 265 and 266: 232 11 Hybrid Cell Vaccination for
Page 287 and 288: 254 12 Principles and Strategies Em
Page 299: 266 12 Principles and Strategies Em
Page 303 and 304: 270 13 Applications of CpG Motifs f
Page 321 and 322: 288 14 The T-Body Approach: Towards
Page 333 and 334: 300 15 Bone Marrow Transplantation
Page 345 and 346: 312 16 Immunocytokines: Versatile M
Page 351 and 352:
318 16 Immunocytokines: Versatile M
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Page 359 and 360:
Page 361 and 362:
Page 363 and 364:
Page 365 and 366:
Page 367 and 368:
Page 369 and 370:
Page 371 and 372:
Page 373 and 374:
Page 375 and 376:
Page 377 and 378:
Page 379 and 380:
Page 381 and 382:
348 17 Immunotoxins and Recombinant
Page 383 and 384:
Page 385 and 386:
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
Page 401 and 402:
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
Page 407 and 408:
Page 409 and 410:
Page 411 and 412:
Page 413 and 414:
Page 415 and 416:
382 Glossary tion to the variable d
Page 417 and 418:
384 Glossary suppressor gene produc
Page 419 and 420:
386 Glossary press the proper recep
Page 421 and 422:
388 Glossary gp96 See Chaperone. Gr
Page 423 and 424:
390 Glossary cytes and addressing l
Page 425 and 426:
392 Glossary T bodies are being tes
show all

Cancer Immune Therapy Edited by G. Stuhler and P. Walden ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?