La définition d'une stratégie d'intervention. La ... - RehabiMed

La définition d’une stratégie d’intervention.
La definición de una estrategia de intervención
Defining a strategy for intervention
Identity and Quality in Territorial
Development Processes
Elvira Petroncelli
Full professor of Urban and Regional Planning at the University of
Naples, co-ordinator of Research Doctorate, President of the Building
Engineering Graduating Course, co-ordinator of Research Projects,
author of more than 80 printed publications. Bureau member of
CIVVIH-ICOMOS, assessor of historical sites to be included in the
UNESCO list.
Adresse postale:
Piazzale V. Tecchio 80 – 80125 NAPOLI (I)
Adresse courrier électronique:
elvira.petroncelli@unina.it
Téléphone:
+39 081 7682313
Premise
The fast processes of de-territorialization affecting all territory are
producing radical and deep transformations in dwelling practices and
changing the way of considering the relationship with a place.
The hyper-extension of urbanized areas represents a relevant
transformation of city and territory required by complex political, cultural,
social and economic factors. Those produce needs and demands being
the expression of new way of territory shape and structure.
Looking for adequate strategies to achieve a sustainable development
pointed out the importance of those subjects such as “quality “ and
“governance” and how by now it’s necessary a review of the used logics,
criteria and indicators.
The “quality” subject has become more and more a new imperative
and the Landscape European Convention (LEC) strongly stressed some
questions.
Giving all the territory the value of landscape –apart from its being
considered exceptional, of everyday life and/or decayed one– is the
expression of the value the landscape generally has got and it is
stressed the idea that:
Landscape identifies and makes the different parts of territory be
recognizable, shows their history handing down the signs of their
transformations and is produced by the interaction of several tangible
and intangible elements that characterize its appearance and value.
According to that, landscape becomes the expression of deep and
rooted cultures and identities of single territories, related to the people
dwelling and working in those territories.
Quality is a crucial point of the LEC. The Article 1, in giving some basilar
definitions, leads us to consider the value of the perceptive aspect and
how it affects the behaviors.
Intending to adopt landscape quality purposes, as it’s worldly required,
actually produces a new viewpoint of all planning discipline, not only
in relation to the phase of territory knowledge and reading, but also in
relation to purposes and actions definition, involving all the actors of
territorial development process.
Identity and quality
Considering targets of landscape quality implies to investigate the
importance of identity characters.
The identity of a place contains and helps read and understand the
“memory” of a territory, its environmental knowledge, its growth rules
and system of relationships and management. The identity of a place
can be shaped by both tangible and intangible elements that man
contributed to create. In fact the population’s sense of belonging to a
context is represented by culture, activities and traditions, as well as by
building typologies, colors and materials used.
The deep meaning of place identity isn’t the repetition of something
happened but the never-ending building of what can be carried on
in evolutionary way, according to the new needs and expectations
addressed to future (Mannelli L., 2003). As Norberg-Schultz (1979) had
already stressed, the structure of a place isn’t a fixed, eternal condition:
places usually change and sometimes in a fast way too. Anyway, it
doesn’t mean that the genius loci should necessarily change or be lost.
The places preserve their identities for a certain time and each place
should be “capable” of receiving different “contents”, obviously within
certain limits. A place fit only for one purpose would soon become
useless.
The identity cannot be artificially created in a short time, as example
the present places of mystification, which try to reproduce, by new
buildings, relationships and features of historical cities for shopping mall
or gated city. Those places are different from the original environments
mainly because they are lacking in genius loci.
A careful attention should be paid to avoid a landscape logic seen as
a product to sell – which easily trivializes territorial peculiarities and
destroys its identity – and to increase and stimulate communities selfdefinition.
Communities are the main actors in the identity definition, but are also
the subjects to which the process of development and re-qualification
is addressed. Identity and quality represent a strong binomial and two
categories characterizing the process of diversification and cultural
supply.
In such a context, it’s crucial to pay attention to the identity value and
never-ending common re-appropriation and construction of meanings
produced by the actions carried out by all the actors involved in the
territory, even if not permanently. It means to dynamically look at the
endogenous, tangible and intangible elements, which link the territory
history to each dweller. It’s not the case of crystallizing the place cultural
“heritage”, the identities, but of recognizing them and succeeding, in a
certain sense, in building landscapes.
A methodological route
Within the knowledge process targeted to define quality landscape
goals, the starting point consists in defining the general typologies on
which the different landscape ambits depend. In primis we can make a
subdivision into areas, according to the prevailing physical-functional
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