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La définition d’une stratégie d’intervention. La definición de una estrategia de intervención Defining a strategy for intervention valorising the tourist vocations of the area in the respect of the bonds that the territory imposes to the development of receptive and recreational activities (territorial coherence). At the same time, this bonds must follow the medium-long term trend of the tourist market, in order to guarantee a structural improvement of tourist activity ( ). It is even necessary to propose to reach social (welfare, working) and economic (GDP level) targets, basis of any form of territorial development (institutional coherence). The proposal for a Tourist Sustainable Plan: an exemplification in the Cilento area Park and it is characterized by a fairly good tourist development on the coast (mainly constituted by holiday houses) that strongly collides with the internal areas, immersed in wonderful natural oasis and full of an architectural and cultural heritage, but hardly damaged by a socialeconomic and productive backwardness (pic.1). Hosting structures are very different (hotels, holiday camps, agrotourisms) and are mainly distributed along the seaside, as an ulterior demonstration of the dichotomy between the coast and the internal area (pic.2). On the results of a SWOT analysis of the area, it has been structured a planning proposal targeted on four strategic lines of interventions (Avoiding internal areas abandoning; Reducing population pressure on the coast; Improving the competitiveness and the attractive capacity of the area; Improving accessibility). Following these lines, specific objectives have been identified: among the other things, they are targeted to retrieve and promote activities linked to the rural natural and cultural resources, to attract more tourists in the area, to enhance and qualify tourist supply, to promote the area at a national and an international level. In particular, there have been many actions oriented to valorise the architectural heritage of the area. These actions have been articulated according to their representation in “point” interventions, “itinerary” interventions and “network” interventions, as it is easily visible in the table plan (pic.3). Point actions are essentially referred to historic centres: in particular, it could be instituted a living museum settled in the old downtown, “Il Cilento ieri e... l’altro ieri” (“The Cilento area yesterday and... the day before”), where some players (possibly local population) could periodically act scenes of ordinary life of the different civilisation that have settled along the centuries in the area, encouraging cultural exchanges, improving economic chances and giving a great prominence to places architecture, natural set of the playing. This activity could even be a support for an already spread initiative of a local Plan, called “Ospitalità da favola” (“Fairytale hosting”), that is targeted to constitute a network of houses destined to host the visitors of the Park. The Plan suggests not to build new structures but to draw on existing resources, retrieving, re-using, preserving and valorising them. In the itinerary choice it has been underlined the presence of the most valuable cultural points, identifying for example the religious itinerary “Il cammino di San Costabile” (“The path of St. Costabile”), based on a spiritual pursuit among churches, monasteries and cloisters; the cultural itinerary “Le roccheforti. la difesa del passato” (“The strongholds: the past defence”), where it is widespread the presence of mediaeval historical centres erected for a defensive aim; the cultural itinerary “Il percorso degli avvistamenti” (“The sighting path”), the only one following the whole seaside, that has been delineated in order to create a proper system among coastal towers, going through almost every commune. About networks, that involve local tradition museums and the pretty valuable historic centres, there have been planned virtual connections, so that it would be possible to link all the elements and to create a sole path thanks to some “infopoints”, both placed in the cultural sites and in places with great visibility inside and outside the area (bigger towns, exchange junctions of the local and regional network). Only for historic centres it is suggested the organisation of cultural events such as expositions, concerts, cultural exhibitions. 186
La définition d’une stratégie d’intervention. La definición de una estrategia de intervención Defining a strategy for intervention Sustainable development of south coastline Albania, by preserving traditional cultural heritage Kalterina Shulla Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Telecommunication General Directorate of Water Supply and Sewage Project officer EU Phare/Cards Water PMU Msc “Urban Environmental Management” Wageningen University The Netherlands Architecture, Urban Studies Polytechnic University of Tirana, Address: DPUK rr: Sami Frasheri Nr.4, Tirana, Albania E-mail address: kalterina@yahoo.co.uk Telephone: 00355682265431 Current status South Albania lies along the Ionian Sea part of Mediterranean Sea. The Ionian coastline is approx. 170 km long and a population of about 70,000 inhabitants leave in this settlements. This area is rich in historical monuments and traditional villages mostly settled in the hills with easy access to the sea. The villages have Mediterranean features characterized by a vernacular/self built architecture mostly by stone and usually in white colour. Their layout is adapted to the landscape contours. Area is rich in archaeological sites (ancient city of Butrinti). It is characterized by a unique scenic landscapes rocky going steeply into the sea. The area has priority for development as an international tourist zones. Current urban development practises in the coastal area are object to strong development pressure threatening the whole integrity. Sprawl and chaotic development can risk the whole uniformity of the villages as assemble. New materials and forms are added to village texture. The interference of new constructions inside villages is done without taking into account old architectural standards. Furthermore, the need for fast tourism development is not considering the traditional values. Except for the architectural and historic value, these villages are valuable also as a building resource. Economic changes (private property, demand for fast tourism development, coastal land, fast economic growth, politic (planning system problems) and social changes (population movement toward the coast, population density, population activities) are main driving forces causing problems in the tourist regionThe free movement of uncontrolled distribution of population has caused the uncontrolled and speculative investment of capitals. Although it is noticed an economic urban infrastructure, lands use, natural and cultural heritage resources. Another problem is the abounded houses that risk degrading. Plan proposal Rehabilitations plans are necessary for traditional villages in order to preserve cultural heritage, landscape and historical significance, diminish the need for new constructions, preservation of land and architectural values. From the tourism prospective these house stock can be restored and reused. Plan for area development based on sustainable principles are a necessity to prevent further degradation o the area. In wide a Conceptual Plan for sustainable development based on water and traffic is drown in Map.1 As a starting point, planning can be used for a sustainable spatial structuring, according to the framework for sustainable development, keeping the balance on the relationship that structure spatial and land use elements. While a space demand for tourism habitation, agricultural, residential, and commercial and other land use functions exists, the problem of interference and mix of carrying functions is evident in the area. The residential areas are spread along the coast and the business activities like tourist services are interfering in the green and natural zones. Explaining the actual zoning division of the region, it is noticed the presence of high dynamic functions like tourist services (hotels and restaurants) very near sea and the natural areas, and water systems, polluting in this way natural resources, and water systems in general. The tendency to occupy ecologic potential sites for mass and high density tourism development, can lead to destruction of natural resources, area occupation, water pollution, in short period of time for a short term economic profit According to S2N (Strategy of two networks, Tjallingji 1995), the traffic network carries functions as mass recreation. The water network carries functions like water extraction and recreation. This create a zoning ranging from tranquil and unpolluted, to busy polluted areas. Applying this strategy in a tourist region is done with the purpose to distinguish the different types of tourist development. This tourist area is characterised by fast change and movement and the lack of planning based on sustainable principles has created conditions for uncontrolled development and resource exhausted. The concept contributes to the development of integral designs of landscapes and leave room for ever changing needs of the residents. The area is divided in three zoning categories each of them with different potential for tourism development. 1. “The high dynamic areas” and intense tourism. These are the tourist centres that have already access from national road, where the mass tourism development is ongoing or is expected to develop with high capacities. These tourist centres with potential for mass tourism are Vlora, Himara, Saranda. The existing infrastructure has dictated somehow this kind of development but the new investments to increase the carrying capacity of the area are expected. The areas near or within these living centres with high densities are already experiencing strong development pressure, where the traffic network carries the dynamic functions. In the future the intensive development can be stressed in these areas as “The high dynamic areas”. Airline 187
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