La définition d'une stratégie d'intervention. La ... - RehabiMed

La définition d’une stratégie d’intervention.
La definición de una estrategia de intervención
Defining a strategy for intervention
Visions: from knowledge of territory
to action strategies and policies of
sustainability.
Lines of research for the restoration
and revitalisation of Calabrian historic
centres
Alessandra Barresi and Gabriella Pultrone
A. B., architect, researcher in Urban Planning, expert in Urban
Planning Techniques for Metropolitan Areas, Ph.D. in Urban and
Territorial Planning, teaches Foundations of Urban Planning and Urban
Planning at the Faculty of Architecture, Mediterranean University
of Reggio Calabria. Member of the Teaching Body of the Research
Doctorate in Planning and Design of the Mediterranean City. Related
to the AACM Department.
G. P., architect, Ph.D. in Planning and Design of the Mediterranean
City, researcher in Urban Planning at the Faculty of Architecture,
Reggio Calabria University, where she teaches Territory Analysis and
Urban Design. Related to the AACM Department, where she conducts
research activities focussing on the Mediterranean Area
Adresse postale:
Department of Architecture and Analysis of Mediterranean City
-Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, via Melissari, Feo di Vito
- 89124 Reggio Calabria (Italy
Adresse courrier électronique:
alessandra.barresi@tin.it; gabriella.pultrone@unirc.it
Téléphone:
+39.0965.3222.250/51; +39.335.65.14.493; +39.338.88.46.592
The Mediterranean Sea has been historically known as an area of
intense cultural exchanges, thanks to its multiple (economic, social,
religious and political) differences. Despite the existing barriers, it is
characterized by a set of processes which are quite unitary in their
general features.
Though the Mediterranean coast is extremely subdivided in several
units of government, each having different planning systems, every
decision of development must consider its possible effects on
the long-term collective sustainable development. Therefore, it is
necessary to develop new tools for the analysis and the forecasting
of the rapid urban and territorial changes, as to allow governments
to make the most effective and fair decisions assuring, at the same
time, an efficient and continuous exchange of information about the
conservation, revitalisation and protection of the historical, cultural and
environmental heritage.
In a context characterized by an exaggerated geographic competition
between regions, the primary task of the new territory projects is
to propose interventions and strategies able to build policies of
development starting from local resources. Some key elements for
the competitiveness of the territorial systems are knowledge, skills,
relationships allowing a progressive shift from the physical to the human
and social capital, from the material to the immaterial resources.
If the American economist Florida proposes the “3T” model (Talent,
Technology and Tolerance) to show the correlation existing between
skilled human resources, development of high-tech economy and
climate of tolerance, the introduction of the “Fourth T” (Trust) is consistent
with the wider objective of a sustainable development. Through “trust”
it is possible to start a virtuous process of interinstitutional cooperation
aiming at the development of cultural resources, a key element in the
strategies of a development based on extra-economic factors and
logics and highlighting social and cultural variables.
Yet, to avoid the risk of overlapping of roles between the different
competing geographic areas it is necessary to combine the local
demand with the wider requirements of the territorial consistency. This
is possible only by taking into account a “vision” assuring the global
consistency of interventions and the construction of the necessary
convergencies for a real integration of institutional actors and economic
subjects.
This paper is intended to stress the need of the construction of “territorial
visions” which can assure the global consistency, gather local systems
in regional networks and facilitate their access to Euro-Mediterranean
and global networks.
This “vision” can play a fundamental role as a drive of development able
to start processes of sustainable development, thanks to its double
horizontal (between subjects of the local network) and vertical (of the
local network with the territorial milieu) action. It must be intended as
an image guiding decisions, suggesting shared scenarios and choosing
the strategic places on which the processes can converge. The pursuit
of economic and social cohesion between territories could otherwise
imply an irreparable phenomenon of levelling and suppression of local
identities if it is not supported by a structuring image and by a territorial
policy able to preserve diversity in unity.
Within the Euro-Mediterranean context, Calabria is a complex and
structured territory, suspended between the sea and the hinterland,
between Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, and where areas of
shadow and light coexist, places with excellent potentials and
resources unfortunately often denied by the lack of valid projects and
interpretations of their vocations of development and growth.
The strategic location of this region in the Euro-Mediterranean system
must be exploited through the construction of a “vision” able to read and
interpret the context and to create new conditions of development.
It is well known that, besides lacking infrastructures, the Calabrian
territory has a fragmentary settlement structure with an average size of
its urban centres of about 5,000 inhabitants. Its historic centres, which
can be defined as a diffused and interesting environmental and urban
system, mostly belong to the category of “minor centres”, where “minor”
does not mean a settlement with qualitatively lower characteristics,
but a settlement where the culture of building (in a certain historical
period, different for each case) found its most congenial expression in
the small size.
These centres are a very important part of a settlement; their peculiarities
are not to be found in the presence of numerous monuments, but in
connective tissues where these monuments are in close contact with
ordinary buildings, roads, squares, walled paths as to shape still strongly
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