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Sub-Saharan Africa’s combined GDP (US$439 bn in 2003). The sale of drugs,<br />

measured at wholesale prices, was equivalent to 12% of global export of chemicals<br />

(US$794 bn), 14% of global agricultural exports (US$674 bn) and exceeded global<br />

exports of ores and other minerals (US$79 bn) in 2003. Such sales of drugs were also<br />

higher than the combined total licit agricul-tural exports from Latin America (US$75<br />

bn) and the Middle East (US$10 bn) in 2003.<br />

— United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), World Drug Report<br />

2005 [23]<br />

Här är en jämförelse mellan narkotikans värde och exportvärdet på ett antal lagliga varor [23] för att få<br />

en uppskattning om hur stor marknaden är:<br />

2011 uppger FN att illegala droger står för den största andelen <strong>av</strong> olika inkomstkällor för organiserad<br />

brottslighet. Uppskattningar visar att de kriminella intäkterna <strong>av</strong> droger ligger på 0.6% <strong>av</strong> den globala<br />

bruttoprodukten, det vill säga flera tusen miljarder kronor per år. En lika stor summa kan dessutom<br />

anses finnas i form <strong>av</strong> kostnader för samhället i form <strong>av</strong> uppehållande <strong>av</strong> förbudet, ekonomiska<br />

förluster från stölder och utgifterna för vården som vi nämnde tidigare:<br />

“<br />

The gains of the criminal groups can be linked to the expenditure of the drug users.<br />

Up to this point, one person’s losses can be seen as equivalent to another person’s<br />

gains. However, the ‘losses’ of the drug users go far beyond their expenditure on<br />

drugs. Large socio-economic costs are linked to drug consumption. While the crime<br />

proceeds of organized crime resulting from drugs were estimated at around 0.6% of<br />

GDP at the global level in 2009, the overall <strong>av</strong>erage estimate of the costs associated<br />

with illicit drug use (based on data from 12 countries in North America, Europe,<br />

South America and Oceania) amounted to 1.2% of GDP, or US$700 billion if<br />

extrapolated to the global level. Thus, <strong>av</strong>ailable data suggest that these costs were in<br />

fact twice as high as the income for organized crime. This indicates a net loss for<br />

society, and not simply some kind of ‘transfers’ from some individuals to organized<br />

crime.<br />

— FN, 2011 [24]<br />

”<br />

Man uppger även att mindre än 1% <strong>av</strong> dessa summor beslagtas <strong>av</strong> myndigheterna.<br />

2.3 Miljarder kronor spenderade svenskarna på narkotika 2003:<br />

88

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