Põllumajandusministeeriumi ja Maaelu ... - bioenergybaltic

Table 0.1. Potential of energy production from the manure, sewage sludge and
biodegradable waste
No County
Electricity
from
manure
Heat
from
manure
Electricity
from
sewage
sludge
Heat
from
sewage
sludge
Electricity
from
biodegradable
waste
104
Heat
from
biodegradable
waste
Total
electricity
Total
heat
Total
electrical
capacity
of CHP
Total
heat
capacity
of CHP
MWh el MWh th MWh el MWh th MWh el MWh th MWh el MWh th MW el MW th
1 Harju 22 338 23 048 11 790 12 165 3 199 3 301 37 328 38 514 4,67 4,81
2 Hiiu 2 448 2 526 0 0 48 50 2 497 2 576 0,31 0,32
3 Ida-
Viru 3 587 3 701 4 616 4 762 149 154 8 352 8 617 1,04 1,08
4 Jõgeva 16 366 16 886 0 0 2 349 2 424 18 715 19 310 2,34 2,41
5 Järva 18 354 18 937 232 239 104 108 18 690 19 284 2,34 2,41
6 Lääne 6 394 6 597 0 0 133 137 6 526 6 734 0,82 0,84
7 Lääne-
Viru 22 947 23 676 445 459 11 802 12 177 35 194 36 313 4,40 4,54
8 Põlva 10 968 11 316 0 0 96 99 11 064 11 415 1,38 1,43
9 Pärnu 14 139 14 589 1 078 1 113 615 635 15 833 16 336 1,98 2,04
10 Rapla 12 727 13 132 0 0 0 0 12 727 13 132 1,59 1,64
11 Saare 12 677 13 080 366 378 1 168 1 205 14 211 14 663 1,78 1,83
12 Tartu 11 343 11 703 1 875 1 934 1 554 1 603 14 771 15 241 1,85 1,91
13 Valga 6 294 6 494 185 191 164 169 6 643 6 854 0,83 0,86
14 Viljandi 21 678 22 367 0 0 65 67 21 743 22 434 2,72 2,80
15 Võru 7 347 7 581 259 267 4 142 4 273 11 748 12 121 1,47 1,52
Total 189 607 195 634 20 845 21 507 25 589 26 402 236 041 243 544 29,5 30,4
For the anaerobic treatment and biogas production from sewage sludges, manure and
biodegradable industrial waste, the wet fermentation method is most suitable. For the
anaerobic treatment of some biodegradable residues (from agriculture) and herbaceous
biomass also dry method could be used. Anyway, before starting to design a BGP, the
amounts of available raw materials and their characteristics have to be found out, fermentation
tests made with the used biomass and their mixtures and based on this, the final decision
made about the technology (often additives as well) and equipment that would be most
suitable for the use. In Estonia we have no comprehensive experience in building BGPs yet
and therefore we should ask for assistance and know-how from foreign companies. However,
we should certainly involve native experts to get the best possible solution.
As a rule, the biogas plants with the combined biogas run heat and power units should be built
in the locations where the users’ load is sufficient (i.e., mainly heat demand, such as a DH
network, gardening farm, driers, etc.).
The biogas plants producing motor fuel can be built close to the larger raw material sources (a
landfill, waste treatment plant, wastewater treatment plant, bigger cattle farm, etc.)
One must be cautious with growing energy crops on wastelands and organising the production
of biogas from the silage of energy crops there. This could take the agricultural production out
of balance (an example from Germany) and may result in the general price rise.
The construction cost of complex biogas CHPs run on some agricultural raw material
(BGP+CHP+upgrading the residues) remains in average in the range of 30 – 60 MEEK, when
the electrical capacity of plants is in the limits of 0.5 – 1.0 MW. The cost depends also on the
applied technology and completeness level of the plant (e.g., either equipped with pasteurizers
or not, etc.). The cost of landfill gas collection system with building a CHP based on the gas
will be less expensive and remains in the limits of 15 – 25 MEEK depending on the size of the
landfill, distance to the gas user and capacity of the CHP plant. The simple payback period for
BGPs operated on wet fermentation technology is estimated to be 6 – 9 years depending on the
complexity level of the plant, supplier of the equipment and potentials for selling heat. With
the 15 – 20% investment subsidy the payback could be improved by 1.5 to 2 years. When
there is an intention to produce motor fuel from biogas, the expected BGP cost (without CHP