Põllumajandusministeeriumi ja Maaelu ... - bioenergybaltic

production) should be doubled, because a gas cleaning module and compression plant will be
added. There is no data available on the producers who make motor fuels from the landfill gas,
but the data of pilot plant (in the Jyväskylä landfill) cannot be used for the comparison.
Based on some BGP feasibility calculations by the authors, it can be stated that considering
the energy prices and state subsidized schemes in Estonia at the level of 2007, it would be
feasible to build the biogas fired CHP plants at larger landfills (burning landfill gas) and at
larger wastewater treatment plants (based on the sludge) if the gained energy (heat, electricity)
can be completely used (power network, DH network, production processes, etc.).
The production of energy from the agricultural manure will also be feasible when the share of
methane in the gained biogas exceeds 55% (it can often be reached only with adding fats or
corn flour, e.g.) and with the precondition that the total amount of energy can be sold or used
effectively in the site (e.g., a subsidiary to BGP where energy is used in the production
process). Also the benefit from environmental protection and improvement of the social
climate in the region should be considered indirectly as a part of feasibility.
There is no information about any profound studies on the BGP based on herbaceous biomass
as the main raw material in Estonia up to now, because the necessary initial data is not
available, there are no concrete developers and sites known. Anyway, a herbaceous biomass
based BGP that operates in the complex with CHP (built within 10 km radius) should have
the electrical capacity of at least 500 kW el , and considering the yield of Estonian fields, there
should be at least 400-500 ha of field. The feasibility of building these BGPs depends highly
on the grain and fodder prices in the world market. When considering the prices and state
subsidies in 2007, construction of herbaceous biomass based BGPs will not be apparently
feasible.
Production potential of biofuels for transport: acceptable technological solutions,
capacities and sites
Up to now the high production cost of biofuels has remained a critical barrier for their wider
use. The competitiveness of biofuels will be improved with the advance of the oil price and
that of other fossil fuels. So far the competitiveness of biofuel is depending on the concessions
and subsidies provided.
In 2003 the Biofuels Directive was adopted in the European Union where a goal was set for
biofuels and other renewable fuels to reach the indicative share of 5.75% (calculated by the
energy content of fuels) among the diesel and petrol fuels available for the transport in the
market to 2010. It will remain for a member state to decide either the biofuel is exported or
produced on site. The directive set an advisory, not a mandatory target.
Tabel 0.1. Consumption of petrol, light fuel oil and diesel fuel in Estonia
Thousands tons/year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Petrol 288 290 286 283 279 276 273
Light fuel oil and diesel 559 578 595 613 632 651 670
fuel
Source: Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications
According to the EU Directive 2003/30/EC, in 2010 the amount of used biofuels must replace
54 thousand tons of fossil fuels in Estonia, or due to the lower energy content of biofuel, 25
thousand tons of bioethanol and 42 thousand tons of biodiesel has to be marketed.
105