Transfedtsyrers betydning for sundheden - og Ernæringsrådet

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Summary The report ‘The influence of Trans Fatty Acids on Health’ from 1994 by the Danish Nutrition Council concluded that trans fatty acids in the diet promote coronary heart disease at least as much as equivalent amounts of saturated fats and probably more, and that trans fatty acids may have adverse effects on the growth of the human fetus. It was recommended that declaration of trans fatty acids in foodstuffs was considered in the EU. Danish margarine producers agreed to reduce the trans fatty acid content in margarines produced in Denmark. Since 1994 the contribution of a high intake of industrially produced trans fatty acids to the risk of coronary heart disease has gained further support partly due to the results from 4 large prospective population studies. The results suggest that the intake of trans fatty acids compared to saturated fatty acids per gram is associated with a 10-fold higher risk increment for the development of coronary heart disease. A negative effect of trans fatty acids on the human fetus and newborns has been further substantiated. The possible effect of trans fatty acids on cancer has not yet been settled. Data from epidemiological studies and from studies on the effect of insulin, suggest that trans fatty acids increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. Recent findings justify further studies concerning the effect of trans fatty acids on the development of allergic diseases in children, and of specific trans fatty acids’ effect on body fat distribution and on insulin sensitivity. There are very few data on the effect of trans fatty acids from ruminant sources on the above-mentioned issues. Available data suggest that ruminant trans fatty acids, especially concerning the effect on cardiovascular risk, do not posses the same unfavourable effects as industrially produced trans fatty acids. The content of trans fatty acids in industrially hydrogenated fats may reach 60% of the fatty acids. The equivalent number for ruminant fat is 2-5%. The daily intake per person of industrially produced trans fatty acids in Denmark was in 1994 approximately 2.5 grams and has since decreased, mainly due to a reduction of the trans fatty acid content 11
12 Transfedtsyrers betydning for sundheden in margarines. At present the average daily intake is estimated to be 1-2 grams. Based on the results of an analysis of various food items collected in November 2000 it is, however, likely that population groups with eating habits including frequent intakes of French fries, micro oven popcorn, chocolate bars, fast food etc. consume industrially produced trans fatty acids in amounts far exceeding the average of the population. This is due to import of products with a high concentration of partially hydrogenated fats and due to the fact that margarines for industrial use (e.g. in bakeries) can have a high trans fatty acid content. The Danish Nutrition Council recommends that addition of industrially produced trans fatty acids to foodstuffs ceases soonest possible.
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Transfedtsyrers betydning for sundheden - og Ernæringsrådet

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