Ornithology, Evolution, and Philosophy 123

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Emigration to the United States and Life in New York City 107 Fig.3.5. Mayr’s first car, 1933 (Photograph courtesy of Mrs. S. Harrison) Ford which I need for my excursions” (Fig. 3.5). 6 By that time he had acquired a substantial knowledge of the local bird fauna. “I am very busy. One evening I count starlings at their roost, the next evening I sit at aBarn Owl nest through half of thenight, thethird night I don’t sleep at all because I leave on a field trip before midnight. It is great fun, if one finds interested young ornithologists who take up all suggestions. I am now secretary of the Linnaean Society which doesn’t mean much. It is ‘The local Bird Club,’ extraordinarily layman-like but those people know their birds. […] Strangely enough so far there was no interest in breeding biology or in ornithological problems generally, but this may be changed through slow education” (letter to Stresemann, 12 May 1933; transl.). At that time, he assisted Irv Kassoy in his barn owl study and suggested that electric light, mirror glass on one side of the nest box and a dimmer be installed. This permitted them to follow and photograph the growth of the nestlings. In particular Mayr liked the big census trip (at the height of the spring migration in the middle of May) in which he participated once and which covered most of northern New Jersey. “I arrived around 8 pm at Charlie Urner’s house in Elizabeth, and at 9:00 our whole party went to bed (I don’t remember how and where we all slept). Shortly after midnight we got up again and left around 1:00. At once we started to record a number of species of owls that had previously been staked out at certain localities. ThenontoTroyMeadowsinNewJersey,thelargestfreshwatermarshinNewJersey, 6 Mayr got quickly used to New York traffic but in July 1935 he was summoned to traffic court for making a wrong turn and fined $2.00.
108 3 The New York Years (1931–1953) where we got several species of rails, two bitterns, and other swamp birds. Around 9:30 we had a short coffee break, and checked a list of New Jersey birds to see what westillneeded.Horrors,wehadnoEnglishSparrowsyet,soontothenexttown to fill that gap. By early afternoon we reached Brigantane near Atlantic City where wegotterns,gulls,skimmers,andagreatvarietyofshorebirds.Onthewayhome we added a nighthawk. When we finally got back to Elizabeth it was nearing midnight. Urner took me to the train station, where I took the train to Manhattan and there I dragged myself to the Broadway subway. I was so tired I fell asleep almost at once. When I woke up we had just left the 125th Station where I should have gotten out, so I got out at 135th St. I now had to make the decision, should I risk taking the next train back to 125th St, where most likely I would fall asleep again, or simply walk back the 10 blocks. I finally decided it was better to walk.” On one of the excursions with Charlie Urner to Barnegat Bay they had parked the car at a parking place and, returning half an hour later, found that the car had been broken into. Among other things, Mayr’s suitcase had been stolen with a Leica camera and his hardbound master ornithological notebook in which he had carefully recorded all of his observations since his gymnasium days. He would have spent a lot of money to get it back. In the spring of 1936 he went with the Kuerzi brothers to the northwest corner of Connecticut where the Berkshires begin (Mayr et al. 1937j): “I had bragged that I could find the nest of the brown creeper, which the Kuerzi’s had heard singing in a little swamp. It was now up to me to establish the first breeding record of the species in Connecticut. They stopped the car on a dirt road near a swamp and pointed in the direction where they had heard the bird singing. I walked in that direction, and about 40 yards in I spotted a dead tree with loose bark. I called back to the Kuerzi’s this would be the ideal location for a brown creeper nest. When I looked, sure enough there was the nest. I had simply applied the Schiermann method [p. 46]. Of course, it was enormous luck. I have since repeated the search for brown creeper nests where I have heard them singing, but I have never again found one in the United States.” Whilehestayedatthe“TroutValleyFarm”inthewesternfoothillsoftheCatskill Mountains in May 1934, Mayr took notes on the breeding birds. He had found the nests of 22 species (Mayr 1935f). In retrospect Mayr fondly remembered the field trips with other young ornithologists: “In those early years in New York when I was a stranger in a big city, it was the companionship and later friendship which I was offered in the Linnaean Society that was the most important thing in my life” (1999j: 3). After his kidney operation in April 1934 (see p. 301), he “received about 100 letters and postcards and my local friends literally had to line up at the hospital door because only a limited number of visitors were permitted in. This gave me the comforting feeling that I have made true friends here” (letter to Stresemann, 4 May 1934; transl.). The intellectual level of the Linnaean Society meetings was poor, just records, rarities, life lists, arrival and departure dates. In comparison, the German Ornitho-
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Jürgen Haffer Ornithology, Evoluti
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Preface Ernst Mayr (1904-2005), emi
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Contents Introduction 1 Part I The
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Contents IX 2 Bibliography of Ernst
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2 Introduction and speciation, the
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4 Introduction (1928-1929) to repla
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Ernst Mayr has been an observer all
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The Family 9 court system. He had a
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The Family 11 Fig.1.1. Family genea
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The Family 13 where they learned La
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Birdwatching 15 even finishing befo
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Birdwatching 17 Fig.1.5. ErnstMayr
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Birdwatching 19 Fig.1.6. Ernst Mayr
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Birdwatching 21 he simply smoked ci
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University Student in Greifswald an
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Friendships at School and Universit
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2 The Budding Scientist PhD Thesis
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TheInfluenceofTeachers 37 excellent
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Erwin Stresemann—Teacher and Frie
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Erwin Stresemann—Teacher and Frie
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Assistant Curator at the Museum of
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Expeditions to New Guinea and the S
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158 4 Ornithologist and Zoogeograph
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184 5 Biological Species and Specia
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6 Life in North America during Worl
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244 6 Life in North America during
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Part III Professor of Zoology at Ha
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256 7 The Harvard Years (1953-2005)
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8 Evolutionary Biology— Mayr’s
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268 8 Evolutionary Biology—Mayr
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284 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man his coll
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286 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man addresse
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292 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man His hand
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294 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man Prize (1
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296 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man the inte
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298 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man I have s
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300 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man Fig.9.4.
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302 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man not mali
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304 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man papers d
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306 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man 2005. Me
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308 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man Fig.9.5b
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310 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man health i
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312 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man person a
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314 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man with a r
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316 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man conceptu
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318 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man the two
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10 Systematics and Classification T
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322 10 Systematics and Classificati
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11 History and Philosophy of Biolog
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340 11 History and Philosophy of Bi
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376 12 Summary: Appreciation of Ern
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Acknowledgments Iamdeeplygratefulto
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List of Abbreviations AAAS American
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386 References Beehler BM, Pratt TK
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388 References Cracraft J (2002) Go
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390 References Haffer J (1997a) Ess
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392 References Keast JA (1996) Avia
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394 References Olson SL (1975) The
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396 References Smith JJ (1936) Eric
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398 References Wiglesworth LW (1898
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Appendix 1 Curriculum Vitae (includ
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Appendix 1 403 1978 Prêmio Jabuti,
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Appendix 1 405 Society Offices Linn
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Appendix 2 407 1926c Das Freibrüte
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Appendix 2 409 1932 1932a Birds col
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Appendix 2 411 1936g Melidectes bel
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Appendix 2 413 1941e Birds collecte
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Appendix 2 415 1944f Chromosomes an
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Appendix 2 417 1947g On the correct
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Appendix 2 419 1952e Six new subspe
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Appendix 2 421 1954g The tail molt
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Appendix 2 423 1958c Concluding rem
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Appendix 2 425 in E. Mayr, Evolutio
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Appendix 2 427 1964l Introduction [
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Appendix 2 429 1967d Subfamily Pach
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Appendix 2 431 in Acta Soc. Zool. B
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Appendix 2 433 1974b The diversity
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Appendix 2 435 1976m Evolution and
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Appendix 2 437 Mankind 13:430; P.W.
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Appendix 2 439 (1984) in Queen’s
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Appendix 2 441 1984c Evolution and
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Appendix 2 443 1987b The status of
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Appendix 2 445 1990 1990a The Myth
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Appendix 2 447 1992f Haldane’s Ca
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Appendix 2 449 1995g The search for
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Appendix 2 451 1999 1999a Thoughts
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List of Books by Ernst Mayr 453 200
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Coauthorship 455 Coauthorship In th
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Appendix 3 457 (4) Systematics 1942
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Index Achievements 379 Adaptation 2
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Index 461 Faunas 164-165 Family 8-1
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Index 463 Realism and education 372
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