Ornithology, Evolution, and Philosophy 123

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CuratorofOrnithologyattheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory 121 Fig.3.10. Staff members of the Department of Ornithology (AMNH), photograph taken on Dr. Chapman’s 75th birthday, 12 June 1939. Seated (left to right) ElsieM.B.Naumburg (Research Associate), John T. Zimmer (Executive Curator), Frank M. Chapman (Curator), R.C. Murphy (Curator of Oceanic Birds), Ernst Mayr (Associate Curator of the Whitney- Rothschild Collections). Standing (left to right) Dean Amadon (Research Assistant), Charles Schell (Assistant), Ruth Bowdon (Secretary), Charles O’Brien (Assistant Curator), Mildred Feger (Secretary), Hugh Birckhead (Assistant), E. Thomas Gilliard (Research Assistant) (AMNH Library photographic collection, negative no. 291112) the United States from France and became a dentist. He came often to the museum and Mayr introduced him to taxonomy from the late 1940s, at first working jointly with him on a revision of the drongo family (Dicruridae) and later supervising his long series of revisions of Palearctic birds. Eventually Vaurie was appointed to the staff and gave up dentistry becoming a full curator at the museum. Known to Dr. Sanford were two wealthy young men, Richard Archbold (1907– 1976) and John Sterling Rockefeller (1904–1988). The former invited Mayr to his father’s quail shooting place in Thomasville, Georgia in November 1931 (see p. 111). During the 1930s, Dick Archbold financed and led three museum expeditions to New Guinea (Morse 2000). Three additional Archbold expeditions under the leadership of L.J. Brass explored the Cape York area of northern Australia (1947– 1948), the outlying islands of southeastern New Guinea (1956–1957), and the central highlands of New Guinea (1958–1959). Sterling Rockefeller provided the funds with which E. Stresemann (Berlin) sent Georg Stein to Timor and Sumba in 1932. Rockefeller was supposed to work out this collection under Mayr’s guidance,
122 3 The New York Years (1931–1953) but by that time had lost interest in birds. The result was that Mayr himself studied this splendid collection analyzing at the same time the colonization of Australia by birds from the Lesser Sunda Islands (p. 181). Other volunteers were Cardine Bogert (1937), who clarified the migrations of the New Zealand cuckoo Urodynamis, Eleanor Stickney (1943; later the collection manager of the Peabody Museum of Yale University), who published on the northern shorebirds collected by the WSSE in the Pacific and Martin Moynihan who, in 1946(c), published a paper with Mayr on the evolution of the Rhipidura rufifrons group (Moynihan later became the director of Barro Colorado Island, Panama, and made it into a world-class tropical research station), Daniel Marien, Karl Koopman (later a curator in Mammalogy at the AMNH and an expert on bats) and Kate Jennings (who made a major contribution to their joint paper on the variation in Australian bower birds, Mayr and Jennings 1952i). Staff members using increasingly the Whitney-Rothschild collections included Austin Rand, Dean Amadon and Thomas Gilliard. Rand was a Research Associate in the Department of Ornithology—an unpaid position. He was paid by Archbold Expeditions associated with the Mammal Department. In 1941 he went to his native Canada and then joined the Field Museum in Chicago in 1947. Jean Delacour (1890–1985) came to New York after the defeat of France during World War II and was appointed technical adviser at the Bronx Zoo. This position left him time enough to work at the AMNH almost every day for several hours. Mayr and Delacour collaborated from the time of the latter’s arrival in late 1940. They published several joint articles and the book, BirdsofthePhilippines(1946k) until Delacour moved to California in 1952 (Mayr 1986m). Their reclassification (1945e) of the duck family (Anatidae) had a wide distribution and was reprinted several times. AOU Politics From 1931 onward Ernst Mayr attended all or nearly all annual meetings of the national ornithological organization, the American Ornithologists’ Union (AOU). He observed the performance and oral contributions critically and compared their standards with those of the well-known German Ornithological Society. Together with several other young colleagues, especially H. Friedmann, R. Boulton, J. Van Tyne, also J. Grinnell and P. A. Taverner he soon set out to modernize the organization and ornithological research in North America generally. In 1933 already, Mayr was on the Program Committee for the 50th Anniversary meeting of the AOU held at the AMNH and tried very hard to put together a well-balanced program. He recommended, for example, that certain zoologists who had been using birds as their experimental material be invited to present papers at this meeting. Thus, Professor L.C. Dunn of the Department of Zoology, Columbia University (New York) spoke on “Heredity of Morphological Variation in Birds” and Mayr gave a review paper on “The Physiology of Sexual Dimorphism in Birds.” After the meeting he worked on an unpublished analysis of “The trend of interest
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Jürgen Haffer Ornithology, Evoluti
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Preface Ernst Mayr (1904-2005), emi
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Contents Introduction 1 Part I The
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Contents IX 2 Bibliography of Ernst
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2 Introduction and speciation, the
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4 Introduction (1928-1929) to repla
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Ernst Mayr has been an observer all
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The Family 9 court system. He had a
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The Family 11 Fig.1.1. Family genea
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The Family 13 where they learned La
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Birdwatching 15 even finishing befo
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Birdwatching 17 Fig.1.5. ErnstMayr
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Birdwatching 19 Fig.1.6. Ernst Mayr
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Birdwatching 21 he simply smoked ci
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University Student in Greifswald an
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Friendships at School and Universit
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2 The Budding Scientist PhD Thesis
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TheInfluenceofTeachers 37 excellent
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Erwin Stresemann—Teacher and Frie
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Erwin Stresemann—Teacher and Frie
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Assistant Curator at the Museum of
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Expeditions to New Guinea and the S
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172 4 Ornithologist and Zoogeograph
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184 5 Biological Species and Specia
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6 Life in North America during Worl
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244 6 Life in North America during
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Part III Professor of Zoology at Ha
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256 7 The Harvard Years (1953-2005)
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8 Evolutionary Biology— Mayr’s
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268 8 Evolutionary Biology—Mayr
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284 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man his coll
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294 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man Prize (1
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296 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man the inte
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298 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man I have s
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300 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man Fig.9.4.
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302 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man not mali
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304 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man papers d
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306 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man 2005. Me
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308 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man Fig.9.5b
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310 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man health i
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316 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man conceptu
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10 Systematics and Classification T
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322 10 Systematics and Classificati
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11 History and Philosophy of Biolog
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340 11 History and Philosophy of Bi
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376 12 Summary: Appreciation of Ern
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Acknowledgments Iamdeeplygratefulto
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List of Abbreviations AAAS American
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386 References Beehler BM, Pratt TK
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388 References Cracraft J (2002) Go
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390 References Haffer J (1997a) Ess
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392 References Keast JA (1996) Avia
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394 References Olson SL (1975) The
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396 References Smith JJ (1936) Eric
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398 References Wiglesworth LW (1898
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Appendix 1 Curriculum Vitae (includ
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Appendix 1 403 1978 Prêmio Jabuti,
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Appendix 1 405 Society Offices Linn
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Appendix 2 407 1926c Das Freibrüte
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Appendix 2 409 1932 1932a Birds col
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Appendix 2 411 1936g Melidectes bel
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Appendix 2 413 1941e Birds collecte
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Appendix 2 415 1944f Chromosomes an
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Appendix 2 417 1947g On the correct
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Appendix 2 419 1952e Six new subspe
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Appendix 2 421 1954g The tail molt
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Appendix 2 423 1958c Concluding rem
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Appendix 2 425 in E. Mayr, Evolutio
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Appendix 2 427 1964l Introduction [
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Appendix 2 429 1967d Subfamily Pach
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Appendix 2 431 in Acta Soc. Zool. B
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Appendix 2 433 1974b The diversity
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Appendix 2 435 1976m Evolution and
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Appendix 2 437 Mankind 13:430; P.W.
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Appendix 2 439 (1984) in Queen’s
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Appendix 2 441 1984c Evolution and
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Appendix 2 443 1987b The status of
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Appendix 2 445 1990 1990a The Myth
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Appendix 2 447 1992f Haldane’s Ca
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Appendix 2 449 1995g The search for
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Appendix 2 451 1999 1999a Thoughts
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List of Books by Ernst Mayr 453 200
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Coauthorship 455 Coauthorship In th
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Appendix 3 457 (4) Systematics 1942
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Index Achievements 379 Adaptation 2
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Index 461 Faunas 164-165 Family 8-1
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Index 463 Realism and education 372
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