Ornithology, Evolution, and Philosophy 123

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48 2 The Budding Scientist ferent disciplines exchanged their views. He listened to presentations on faunistic observations in China (R. Mell) and on ethnological research in Peru (G. Tessmann) and had also contacts with the Mammalogical Society, the Zoological Institute of the University and their representatives. Mayr now lived in a furnished room in Berlin-Hermsdorf with the Schneiders, a house right at the edge of the woods. Hermsdorf was on the same electrical transit line as Stresemann’s home in Frohnau, one stop beyond Hermsdorf. Otherwise, Mayr did not enjoy much social life while he was an assistant curator at the museum. However, several students enlarged Stresemann’s group of pre-docs. Mayr joined some young university staff members playing volleyball (Faustball) andpersuadedStresemanntodosoonoccasion,buthedroppedoutsoon.There was still no girlfriend. History of bird migration. In Mayr’s paper on the evolutionary origins and development of bird migration (written in 1927 when he was 23 years old and completed by his colleague W. Meise after Mayr’s departure for New Guinea; Mayr and Meise 1930c) he is convinced that most of these phenomena cannot be explained completely through evolution by natural selection “which can eliminate but not create anything new” (a view he would vigorously attack later). This is the last anti-selectionist statement found in Mayr’s publications. Because of his Lamarckian views he was not able to discuss, much less answer, valid questions that he posed, e.g., “In which way originate genetically determined changes of migratory routes?” Mayr and Meise (l.c.) endorsed Thomson’s four-fold division of complementary causes of migration (function, origin, physiology) but restricted themselves to a discussion of the evolutionary-zoogeographical development of bird migration (Beatty 1994). In their opinion the route of migration is originally a backtracking of the route of immigration. However, subsequent phenomena, such as route abbreviation and route prolongation complicate any historical interpretation of the original home range of migratory birds. The major reason for route prolongation in species which expand their breeding area northward seems to be a strengthened physiological apparatus leading to a southward displacement of the wintering area. Mayr ends his theoretical discussion with the remark that without hypotheses, scientific progress is not achieved—as emphasized in the hypothetico-deductive method of testing previously conceived hypotheses. This theoretical paper was reviewed in detail by Mayr’s colleague at the AMNH John T. Nichols (1931) who emphasized the point that the migratory drive, once started, tended to increase, “causing the bird to swing annually pendulum-wise over an ever increasing course.” The original home of the species may then lie neither in the present breeding or wintering areas, but at some intermediate location. Expeditions to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands (1928–1930) After Mayr had started his assistantship at the Zoological Museum Berlin in July 1926 Dr. Stresemann, mindful of his earlier promise, attempted to place him
Expeditions to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands 49 Fig.2.3. Ernst Mayr, 1927, a few months before leaving Germany for New Guinea (Archive, Museum of Natural History Berlin, Orn. 103, 1) on an expedition. Plans of travels to Cameroon (with the ethnographer Günther Tessmann) or toPeru (with thegeologist Harvey Bassler) failed.At theInternational Zoological Congress in Budapest (October 1927), Stresemann introduced Ernst Mayr to Lord Walter Rothschild and Ernst Hartert and convinced them that he would be the best man to continue A.F. Eichhorn’s work in New Guinea (this collector for Lord Rothschild had retired owing to illness). This was going to be Mayr’s great chance. He was 23 years old now (Fig. 2.3). Back to Berlin he wrote to E. Hartert on 22 October 1927 (transl.): Dear Dr. Hartert! You can hardly imagine how overjoyed I was by your and Lord Rothschild’s assent. For years it has been my loftiest goal some time to be able to conduct a scientific expedition and to become acquainted with those birds in life whose
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Jürgen Haffer Ornithology, Evoluti
Page 3 and 4: Preface Ernst Mayr (1904-2005), emi
Page 5 and 6: Contents Introduction 1 Part I The
Page 7 and 8: Contents IX 2 Bibliography of Ernst
Page 9 and 10: 2 Introduction and speciation, the
Page 11 and 12: 4 Introduction (1928-1929) to repla
Page 13 and 14: Ernst Mayr has been an observer all
Page 15 and 16: The Family 9 court system. He had a
Page 17 and 18: The Family 11 Fig.1.1. Family genea
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Page 21 and 22: Birdwatching 15 even finishing befo
Page 23 and 24: Birdwatching 17 Fig.1.5. ErnstMayr
Page 25 and 26: Birdwatching 19 Fig.1.6. Ernst Mayr
Page 27 and 28: Birdwatching 21 he simply smoked ci
Page 29 and 30: University Student in Greifswald an
Page 39 and 40: Friendships at School and Universit
Page 41 and 42: 2 The Budding Scientist PhD Thesis
Page 43 and 44: TheInfluenceofTeachers 37 excellent
Page 45 and 46: Erwin Stresemann—Teacher and Frie
Page 47 and 48: Erwin Stresemann—Teacher and Frie
Page 49 and 50: Assistant Curator at the Museum of
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Page 99 and 100: Part II Ornithologist and Evolution
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100 3 The New York Years (1931-1953
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4 Ornithologist and Zoogeographer B
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142 4 Ornithologist and Zoogeograph
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184 5 Biological Species and Specia
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6 Life in North America during Worl
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244 6 Life in North America during
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Part III Professor of Zoology at Ha
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256 7 The Harvard Years (1953-2005)
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8 Evolutionary Biology— Mayr’s
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268 8 Evolutionary Biology—Mayr
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284 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man his coll
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294 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man Prize (1
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296 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man the inte
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298 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man I have s
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300 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man Fig.9.4.
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304 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man papers d
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306 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man 2005. Me
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308 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man Fig.9.5b
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310 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man health i
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314 9 Ernst Mayr—the Man with a r
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10 Systematics and Classification T
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322 10 Systematics and Classificati
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11 History and Philosophy of Biolog
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340 11 History and Philosophy of Bi
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376 12 Summary: Appreciation of Ern
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Acknowledgments Iamdeeplygratefulto
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List of Abbreviations AAAS American
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386 References Beehler BM, Pratt TK
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388 References Cracraft J (2002) Go
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390 References Haffer J (1997a) Ess
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392 References Keast JA (1996) Avia
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394 References Olson SL (1975) The
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396 References Smith JJ (1936) Eric
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398 References Wiglesworth LW (1898
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Appendix 1 Curriculum Vitae (includ
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Appendix 1 403 1978 Prêmio Jabuti,
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Appendix 1 405 Society Offices Linn
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Appendix 2 407 1926c Das Freibrüte
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Appendix 2 409 1932 1932a Birds col
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Appendix 2 411 1936g Melidectes bel
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Appendix 2 413 1941e Birds collecte
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Appendix 2 415 1944f Chromosomes an
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Appendix 2 417 1947g On the correct
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Appendix 2 419 1952e Six new subspe
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Appendix 2 421 1954g The tail molt
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Appendix 2 423 1958c Concluding rem
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Appendix 2 425 in E. Mayr, Evolutio
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Appendix 2 427 1964l Introduction [
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Appendix 2 429 1967d Subfamily Pach
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Appendix 2 431 in Acta Soc. Zool. B
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Appendix 2 433 1974b The diversity
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Appendix 2 435 1976m Evolution and
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Appendix 2 437 Mankind 13:430; P.W.
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Appendix 2 439 (1984) in Queen’s
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Appendix 2 441 1984c Evolution and
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Appendix 2 443 1987b The status of
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Appendix 2 445 1990 1990a The Myth
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Appendix 2 447 1992f Haldane’s Ca
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Appendix 2 449 1995g The search for
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Appendix 2 451 1999 1999a Thoughts
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List of Books by Ernst Mayr 453 200
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Coauthorship 455 Coauthorship In th
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Appendix 3 457 (4) Systematics 1942
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Index Achievements 379 Adaptation 2
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Index 461 Faunas 164-165 Family 8-1
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Index 463 Realism and education 372
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